the Outlying Islands of New Zealand. 329 
In that table ( 1 . c. p. 449) the total of wides was given as 399. From this we 
have first to subtract the 98 species which are endemic to New Zealand and 
the islands only (dealt with below), as is done in Table X ( 1 . c., p. 450), and 
then further to subtract the wides which reach New Zealand and the islands 
as well as Australia, 78 in all, and those going only to South America, 
10 in number. The remaining 213 species, common to New Zealand and 
Australia but not reaching the islands, are given in the table. 
Table I. 
Class. 
Range in N. Z. 
Kerm. 
Chath. 
Auckl. 
Kerm. 
Chath. 
Chath. 
Auckl. 
Chath. 
only. 
Auckl. 
only. 
Kerm. 
only. 
N. Z. 
only. 
1 1001-1080 m. 
4 
10 
6 
21 
— 
4 
35 
2 
881-1000 
— 
4 
- — 
10 
— 
5 
39 
3 
761-880 
— 
— 
2 
1 
26 
4 
641-760 
— 
— 
— 
1 
1 
1 
28 
5 
521-640 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
1 
19 
6 
401-520 
— 
— 
— ■ 
— 
— 
1 
17 
7 
281-400 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
3 
12 
8 
161-280 
— 
— 
1 
— 
— 
14 
9 
41-160 
— 
— 
— 
1 
— 
1 
7 
10 
1-40 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
16 
Total 
4 
7 
35 
2 
16 
213 
Rarity 
1*0 
1*2 
2*0 
i-7 
3*5 
3*6 
4*3 
An examination of this table discloses at once that the species that 
reach any of the islands are commoner in New Zealand — usually very much 
commoner — than those in the last column which do not reach them. 1 
Those which reach all three chief groups of islands show the greatest 
commonness possible ; those which reach two groups show less, and those 
that reach only one group less again. But there is one exception : those 
reaching the Chathams and Aucklands show greater rarity than those 
reaching the Chathams only. But the first are only 7 in number, which is 
rather few to be at all safe for deduction, especially as the single con- 
spicuous exception in class 8 doubles the rarity without any other assistance ; 
were it left out the rarity would be only i-o. 
This leads us to examine the exceptions, which are mostly very 
conspicuous in the table, and we shall find several points of interest. 
There are none in the first two columns, but in the third we find one in 
class 8. This plant, which instead of ranging the whole of New Zealand 
ranges only over Stewart Island and the south end of the South Island, 
is given in Cheeseman’s Flora as Car ex appressa . , R. Br., and reference to 
that work shows at once that there is some doubt about the identification, 
both in New Zealand and in the Chathams. Incidentally it may be noticed, 
as a very strong argument in favour of my hypothesis, that when a species 
is found to behave very exceptionally in regard to its distribution — as 
1 Each unit of rarity represents a range of 120 miles, e. g. if 2*0 represents a range of 940 miles, 
3*o represents one of 820. 
