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Young trees are disposed to produce long vigorous lateral branches 
at the expense of the leading shoots. 
These branches should be pruned back consistently with the vigor 
and size of the tree and so direct the sap into the leader which will 
cause it to develop more rapidly. 
In many young trees suckers are thrown up from the base ox the 
stem, these should be carefully removed on appearance. Large blanches 
should be carefully removed close to the main trunk and all cuts should 
be made clean and tarred over to prevent decay. Before planting trees 
and shrubs the root system should be carefully examined and all broken 
or damaged roots should be cut out and long unnecessary ones shortened, 
A well balanced root and branch system should be aimed at and this is 
often accomplished by a slight root pruning which encourages 
the formation of fibrous feeding rootlets. When a severe pruning ot 
branches becomes necessary, as if often the case in most gardens, it 
should be performed during the wet season. The tools necessaiy in 
every garden are, a good strong, sharp pruning knife, a small hand 
saw, a pair of senators and a small axe. 
Flowering Shrubs. 
This is the most extensive and to me the most attractive section 
of our garden plants. The variety is large and varied and a splendid 
selection is so easily made that one is surprised to find that only a few 
of the commoner sorts are found in gardens. In the embellishment of the 
garden flowering shrubs play a most important part; indeed, take these 
away and more than half the beauty is gone. Some are best planted 
in clumps by themselves, others are seen to the best advantage as 
isolated specimens. ... ,, 
In selecting sites the habit of the plant must be considered it the 
full effect is desired. Flowering shrubs should never be planted under 
the shade of trees if proper development is to be attained. Shrubberies 
if properly arranged and planted will give a show of flowers during the 
whole year. Considerable judgment is necessary in planting 
shrubberies to prevent overcrowding and formality. Here again a 
knowledge of the habit of each individual plant is necessary. I he 
following list contains all the best and showiest of our flowering shrubs 
and no difficulty should be experienced in obtaining plants of each kind. 
All or nearly all are easily propagated by cuttings and no difficulty 
should be found in raising stocks of each. 
Allamandas. A genus of elegant plants admirably adapted to be 
grown as shrubs although they are also grown with good effect as 
climbers. Their large funnel shaped flowers are striking and attractive 
and all the species of the genus are of easy culture. To obtain the 
best results as shrubs the plants should be massed together m beds 01 
clumps and periodically pruned to keep them shrubby and within 
Pruning also increases their floriferousness. A very good effect is 
obtained by allowing the plants to climb over trees. The briglit yellow 
flowers peeping through the foliage are very striking. Allamandas 
thrive best when planted in a rather sandy soil and kept well manured. 
