440 
The next part of the paper deals with the various pests of rubber 
plants the first of which attacking Hevea is Corticium Javanicum the 
Javanese Jamur upas (Djamoer oepas) which the author considers the 
worst pest, A remarkably good photograph is given of this destructive 
fungus. It has already been described in the Bulletin. 
It not only attacks rubber but is most destructive to coffee, and 
also attacks other plants. It attacks trees of all ages but is most 
destructive to plants of l| to 2i year’s age. It usually appears on the 
bases of the lower branches, but also and here it is more dangerous on 
the trunk at about the height of the first branches. It first appears as a 
pink or nearly white spot, and grows, thickens and becomes brighter 
rose color. It spreads and eventually surrounds the trunk or branch 
killing it. The edge of the mass of fungus is merely superficial but the 
mycelium filaments of the centre penetrate to the wood. The bark 
becomes porous, broken up and soft. The small beetles then attack 
the decaying portion and finish the work of destruction. The author 
made small wounds in a young Hevea bark and inoculated them with 
spores of Corticium taken from a coffee tree, and the growth of the 
fungus proved that the disease on the coffee was identical with that of 
the rubber tree. 
The fungus appeared in the west monsoon, and it was clear that 
the dampness of the air favoured the growth much. In a plantation 
at Bandong, of about 180,000 trees, two years old, during the rainy 
season about 30 trees were attacked each month, about 500 trees in 
all. In the dry season only one or two here and there were attacked. 
The disease was contagious, and the fungus passed from tree to tree, 
and from coffee bushes to Heveas. The author strongly condemns there- 
fore the habit of planting Hevea among old worn out diseased coffee. 
The remedy is to cut away all parts attacked. The infected 
portions should not be carried through the plantations but buint on 
the spot. Rubber stands operations of this nature very well. By 
lopping and tapping where necessary in the above mentioned Bandang 
Estate only about 20 trees attacked were lost. He points out however 
the risk in tapping larger sized trees, due to the wound made being too 
large, and allowing water to settle on the tops and permitting fungus 
spores and notably Corticium spores to grow there. In the case of an 
attack he recommends spraying the neighbouring trees with Bordeaux 
mixture. ... , , 
The next fungus described is what he calls the white root fung- 
us (champignon blanc des racines) met with in Java and Sumatra 
and as dangerous as the Corticium. This attacks trees of all ages but 
especially those of 1 or 2 years old, which appear quite healthy 
and suddenly commence to go brown at the top, the leaves later 
became yellow and fall. It is difficult often to know whether this is 
due to the normal leaf-fail or to the disease. A little later a wound 
in the bark only lets a little latex exude and later all flow ceases 
from the base upwards to the top. In a few days the plant is quite 
dead The roots are found to be covered with more or less strongly 
developed cords, white, leathery elastic and matted, branching and 
eventually quite covering the root. At first the strands are found on 
the tap-root, which is destroyed; later it spreads to the side roots. 
