NOTICES JOE MEUOrRS. 
65 
inflammation supervenes just as in a frozen limb. Tlie in- 
creased heat and softness of the shin in consequence of the 
inflammation attradt other Niguas and facilitate their pe- 
netration in the vicinity of the first one. This is the cause 
of the juxta-position of several Niguas described by various 
writers, and not, as stated by all authors since the time of 
Oviedo, the exclusion of the larvae from the eggs in the 
wound or in the uninjured body of the mother. The author 
'Supports this conclusion by showing that the eggs are ex- 
cluded singly and that the female never contains larvae. 
< “ 1 The extraction of the parasite from the shin is, ns 
stated by Gurnilla, far more easily effected at a later period 
than in the first hours and during the penetration, because 
then the animal which is working briskly, only increases 
its efforts by the aid of its mandibles, which are peculiarly 
adapted for the purpose, and indeed fastens these so firmly 
in the skin that they are not unfrequently torn away from 
the body of the flea, and remain sticking in the skin when 
the animal is removed with violence. As early as the next 
day the voluntary activity of the animal is much diminished, 
and then, but with still more certainty after the lapse of a 
few days, with a little care the epidermis may readily be 
pushed aside with a blunt knife or needle all round the 
flea, without injuring the latter, and thus the globular ani- 
mal may be so far exposed that these instruments, or a fine 
pair of forceps, may be got under its body, and it may then 
be removed without much resistance and by slight pressure 
with all the buccal organs which project far into the true 
skin (the roots or filaments of Sloane, Ulloa and Swhartz). 
But if in removing the dilated and delicate body, which 
adheres more or l&ss closely to the surrounding cellular 
tissue of the skin, we proceed so clumsily as to tear it, so 
that a portion of it, with the piercing-apparatus imbedded 
