HISTOLOGY OF THE LAND-PLANARIANS OE CEYLON. 
109 
Professor Semper, of Wurzburg, has told me that he has a number of species of Land- 
Planarians to describe from the Philippines. No doubt some of these will belong to our 
present genus. The species referred to by Dr. Cantor as having been found under stones 
in the Naga Hills by Mr. Griffith in 1836 may possibly be the same as the species from 
Ferudpoor described by Dr. Perceval Wright in 1860 (loc. cit. p. 54), the two loca- 
lities being at no very great distance apart. It is also possible that R. Cantoria , discovered 
by Mr. Fortune in China, may be the same as JB. Stimpsoni discovered by Sir J. Bowring 
in Hong Kong. 
A map may readily be made to show the distribution of the genus Ripalium, in a 
manner which cannot fail to be of interest in the case of a genus so well marked as this. 
The range will be seen to be a wide one, extending from Jesso to Ceylon, but still to be 
much more confined than that of either Rhynchodemus or Geoplana. Grube [loc. cit.) 
remarks that the Land-Planarians correspond in their distribution with the Land-Leeches, 
i, n so far as neither animals are found in Western Asia or Africa. 
Mr. Layard noticed his specimens at St. Pedra. In Ceylon itself the genus Ripalium 
seems to be widely spread. Humbert found his specimens at Kandy, and also Rhyncho- 
demus, on a coffee-estate further up amongst the hills. Schmarda found his at Belling- 
ham; and I obtained one specimen at Trincomalee like JB. Proserpina , but it unfortunately 
perished. 
Of the genus Geoplana twenty-one species are enumerated by Diesing (Akad. Wiss. 
Wien, 1861, pp. 509, 513). These species have been observed by Darwin, Fr. Muller 
(Halle Abhandlung. loc. cit. p. 25), Diesing (Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, loc. cit. p. 496), 
Polycladus , in the Andes, Diesing {loc. cit. p. 495), Schmarda (Neue wirb. Thiere, Taf. 
ii. fig. 31), and Limacopsis, Diesing (loc. cit. p. 519), Schmarda (loc. cit. Taf. vi. fig. 69). 
The Land-Planarians of Ceylon were first observed by Mr. Layard (loc. cit.) ; but he 
mistook the anterior extremity of the animal for its tail, and did not name the species. 
Schmarda (loc. cit. p. 36) describes a JBipalium from Ceylon, but being apparently 
unacquainted with Stimpson’s genus, makes a genus Sphyrocephalus for it. He figures 
his species (Taf. viii. fig. 83, Band i.) under the name of Sphyrocephalus dendrophilus. 
Alois Humbert (loc. cit.) describes three new species of JBipalium from Ceylon, and 
gives beautiful figures of them drawn from life ; he names them B. Diana , Proserpina, 
and Phoebe. Another Planarian which he obtained he refers to the genus JRhynchodemus , 
R. Nietneri. I obtained abundance of specimens of R. Diana and R. Proserpina, but 
none of R. Phoebe or R. JNietneri ; but I found a new species of Ripalium, and also a new 
Rliynchodemus. 
The following are the characteristics of the new species of Ripalium : — 
R. Ceres, Plate X. figs. 1 & 2. Body rather more convex superiorly, and less broad 
in proportion to its length, than in the other Ceylon species. Upper or dorsal surface 
divisible into five bands or stripes, a median and two pair of lateral. The median is 
light yellow in colour ; the two bands which lie on either side of it are pale brownish 
and of little more than linear width. The external lateral bands are in every part of 
