136 
ME. H. N. MOSELEY ON THE ANATOMY AND 
Planarian the water-vascular system very imperfectly, but two long and stout “ Seiten- 
Nerven” very plainly. Every line of evidence seems to point to the fact that in all 
Planarians, and indeed all worms in which a special blood-system is not differentiated 
off from the primitive vascular system or body-cavity, the nervous system lies within 
the vascular canals and spaces ; and in Bipalium, as will be seen in the sequel, what 
was believed to be the nervous system was found to occupy such a position. 
It is an interesting fact, and I believe new to science, that there exist Planarians 
which contain in their body-fluids haemoglobin. I detected this substance by means of 
the spectroscope in a small Planarian, apparently a species of Derostomum (Schmarda, 
Neue wirb. Thiere, Band i. Halfte i. Taf. i. fig. 8), which I found infesting in considerable 
abundance the surface of the integument of an echinoderm, one of the Clypeastridce , Ag., 
which abounds at Suez. It is possible that the red colour of many other Planarians is 
due to the presence of haemoglobin. A red tinge may be seen at the base of the eye of 
JDendroccelum lacteum , but I found it too faint to give any absorption-spectrum. The 
reddish colour of the ganglia of Nemertines would be well worth testing. 
Generative System. — The generative organs of Land-Planarians have hitherto been 
very imperfectly described, these animals having apparently never before been studied 
by means of sections, which is the only way of arriving at a satisfactory result in the 
case of opaque and solid worms such as these. Blanchard, speaking of Polycladus 
Gayi ( toe . cit. p. 149), says that the generative organs are not well preserved in spirit ; but 
there can be no doubt that what he calls a nervous system were the testes and ovaries. 
Schmarda made the same mistake in the case of Bipalium. Max Schultze could only 
find a penis and seminal receptacle in Geoplana. Claparede figures the general appear- 
ance of the mass containing the intromittent organs in Bipalium ; but he calls the uterus 
the penis, and failed altogether in his description of the organs, probably from want of 
adequate material. He found no testes or ovaries. Schmarda, by some unaccountable 
mistake, describes his Sphyrocephalus ( = Bipalium ) as having two generative orifices. 
The general arrangement of the generative organs will best be understood by reference 
to Plates XII. & XIII. and their description. We shall consider in order the ovaries 
and their duct, the testes with their duct, and the receptive, anal, and intromittent organs. 
Ovaries. — The single pair of ovaries (Plate XII. figs. 1 & 3, OY.) is placed, in both 
Bipalium and Rhynchodemus , in the anterior extremity of the body or head at an enor- 
mous distance from the uterus, with which they communicate by means of a long and 
slender duct. The ovaries themselves are simple sacs, pear-shaped in Bipalium , spherical 
in Rhynchodemus , and they lie imbedded in the stout longitudinal muscles of the body- 
mass, which separate from one another and form cavities for their reception. The ovaries 
have a distinct but delicate membranous capsule, on the inner surface of which are to be 
seen marked out a series of irregular spaces (Plate XIII. fig. 8), which may represent’a 
cellular lining. Externally to the capsule is a wide space occupied by an irregular 
meshwork of connective tissue, with large interspaces, which is probably in connexion 
with the primitive vascular system and supplies nutritive fluids to the organ ; a similar 
