574 
ME. H. F. BLANFOED ON THE WINDS OF NOETHEEN INDIA. 
On comparing this series of changes with that shown by the Jhansi registers, it 
appears that in the cold season the prevailing winds of Jubbulpore are from 1 to 8 points 
more easterly than those of the latter station ; that at both stations southerly winds 
increase from January to March, and attain their maximum in this latter month; that 
west and north-west winds become ascendant in April and May, and then back towards 
south-west up to the setting in of the rains. At Jhansi, however, easterly winds are 
more frequent at all times of the year than at Jubbulpore, and especially so in August. 
These two stations exhibit a sort of graduated passage from the wind-system of the 
Ganges valley to that of the peninsula south of the Satpoora range. This last is illus- 
trated in Nagpore. 
At this latter station the average direction of the wind in the winter months is 
steadily east-north-east, while winds from north-west and west are extremely rare. In 
February, and still more in March, the currents become unsteady and conflicting, though 
the movement of the air is on the whole increasing. South winds are at their maximum 
from February to April, and south-west winds are not infrequent. In April north-west 
winds gain the ascendant, and blow with increasing steadiness in the following months, 
backing, however, to west, which is their mean direction in July. North winds are at 
their maximum in May, north-west winds in June, and west and south-west winds in 
July. After July, northerly and easterly winds begin to increase; the mean direction 
veers to north-west in September, to north-east by east in October, and finally attains its 
extreme easting in December. 
Thus, then, in the cold-weather months and those of the rains, that is to say when 
the north-east and south-west monsoons are at their height on the seas around India, 
the wind-currents south of the Satpooras have a direction almost diametrically opposite 
to those of the Gangetic plain. The former blow to and from the Arabian Sea, the 
latter to and from the Bay of Bengal ; only in the hot season do the two wind-systems 
approximately coincide, and then they are, in both regions, from between west and north- 
west, blowing from the comparatively dry region lying to the north-west towards the 
thermal focus of Central India and Western Bengal. The evidence of this will be given 
in another place. 
Western Bengal and Orissa . — For illustrating the winds of this region I have the 
three stations Hazareebagh, Cuttack, and False Point. The first is situated 2000 feet 
above the sea, on one of the culminating points of the plateau that lies between the 
Sone, the Ganges, and the Gangetic delta. This plateau forms the eastern termination 
of the elevated range that, beginning with the Rajpipla hills at the Gulf of Cambay, is 
continued by the Gawilgurh, Mahadeva hills, and other divisions of the Satpooras to 
the umbilical plateau of Umarkuntuk ; and, after a short break, by the not less elevated 
tablelands of Jameera Pat, Main Pat, Chota Nagpore, and Plazareebagh, up to the 
angle of the Ganges at Rajmahal. To the east of Jubbulpore it separates the Gangetic 
drainage from that of the peninsula, and its influence on the wind-currents is scarcely 
less important. 
