ME. H. F. BLANFOED ON THE WINDS OF NOETHEEN INDIA. 
587 
again to the south in a festoon-shaped curve in the interval, so that Benares and neigh- 
bouring stations in the Gangetic plain enjoy a lower temperature than any other part 
of India under the same latitude. In the peninsula south of the Satpooras the isotherms 
appear to be more regular, but the data available for this region are as yet insufficient 
to show their course with any pretence to accuracy. 
In February and March (Plates XLIII. and XLIV.) a general rise of temperature is 
accompanied by important modifications in its relative distribution. The isotherm of 7 0°, 
which in January ran across the peninsula south of the Satpooras, is now (in March) 
pushed up to the Punjab, indicating a general average rise of 10°. The greatest rise is 
at Benares and Patna (16°), the least at Bombay (4°*3), and two thermal foci begin to 
make their appearance in the Central Provinces and the hilly country of Western 
Bengal. The temperature-difference of Rawul Pindee (the coldest station of the Punjab) 
and Calcutta is 15°; that of Rawul Pindee and Nagpore 19°. 
In April (Plate XLIY.) the thermal focus of Central India is well developed. The 
mean temperature of Nagpore in this month is 7° above that of Bombay (allowing for 
altitude), 13^° above that of Rawul Pindee, and 6° above that of False Point. The 
region of greatest heat is indicated on the chart (Plate XLIV.) by the isotherm of 90°, 
which includes the stations of Nagpore and Hoshungabad. The whole of Central India 
with Rajpootana, Bundelkund, and Behar, Western Bengal south of the Ganges, with 
Chota Nagpore and Orissa, have a mean temperature between 85° and 90°. The Upper 
Punjab (including Rawul Pindee) and Upper Assam are the coolest parts of our region, 
having a mean temperature of 75° to 77°. 
In May (Plate XLV .) the thermal focus moves up somewhat to the north-west, Ajmere 
and Jhansi being now the hottest stations in the list, while the isotherm of 95° embraces 
nearly the whole of the Malwa plateau together with the region lying around Nagpore. 
But the rise of temperature in the Punjab is greater than in Rajpootana. At Ajmere 
and Jhansi the mean May temperature is 8° and 9° higher than that of April ; but at 
Mooltan it is 10°, at Lahore 11 Q , and at Rawul Pindee, the most northerly station, 
nearly 14°. In Upper Assam there is a rise of 6° or 7° ; but Lower Assam remains cool, 
the May temperature of Goalpara being only 1° above that of April. The mean tempe- 
rature of the Assam valley in this month is about 80°, that of the Punjab 91°. 
In June (Plate XLY.) the focus of heat has travelled up to the Punjab, the temperature 
of which has risen from 3° to 7° above that of May, while at Nagpore it has fallen 8° 
in consequence of the cooling effect of the summer rains. The rains do not set in on 
an average till the middle of the month, so that the decrease of the June mean tempe- 
rature from that of May is not more than about half the whole reduction produced by 
the monsoon rains. To the north of the Satpooras and to the west of the Hazareebagh 
plateau, where the rains do not set in till the end of June or the beginning of July, 
the mean temperature of June is equal, or nearly so, to that of May ; while in the Punjab 
(as above mentioned) there is a rise of 3° to 7°, and in Upper Assam, where heavy rain 
falls from March or April, a rise of nearly 4°. 
MDCCCLXXIV. 4 K 
