598 
ME. H. F. BLANFOED ON THE WINDS OF NOETHEEN INDIA. 
Jubbulpore and Nagpore are respectively 53 and 50 per cent, below False Point, and 42 
and 39 per cent, below Bombay. The driest climate is that of Mooltan, where in May 
and June the humidity is 45 and 52 per cent, of saturation below that of Bombay. 
In these instances it will have been noticed that the period of greatest siccity falls 
the later in the season the greater the distance from the sea, measured along the course 
of the prevailing wind-current. Thus while at Saugor Island and Chittagong the mini- 
mum of humidity falls in January, at Dacca in February, at Calcutta between February 
and March, and at Cuttack, Berhampore, Cachar, and Goalpara in this latter month, it 
occurs at Hazareebagh between March and April, at Patna and Benares decidedly in 
April, at Jubbulpore, Nagpore, and Boorkee in May, and in the Punjab between 
that month and June. This is clearly dependent on the advance of the sea-winds, as 
already described in the first part of this paper. 
In the North-western Provinces and the Punjab a secondary minimum occurs at the 
beginning of the cold weather. This minimum falls the earlier the greater the distance 
from the sea, in the sense above defined. At Benares it falls in November, and from 
that month to January the air approaches more nearly to saturation as the tempe- 
rature falls. At Lahore and Bawul Pindee it is in October, and at Mooltan as early as 
September : at this last station the normal variation of the Indian climate is reversed, 
and the absolute maximum of the year falls in December. At Bawul Pindee and 
Boorkee, both situated close to the northern hills, the winter (here the secondary 
maximum) falls in February, or a month later than at other stations. This winter 
maximum is evidently related to the winter rains of the Upper Provinces, and, like the 
corresponding winter maximum and rains of Europe, is traceable to the descent of the 
equatorial (here the anti-monsoon) current and the low winter temperature. But for 
this it may be inferred that the Punjab winter would be much more rigorous. The 
increased humidity of the winter does not affect places much below Benares. At Patna 
the last vestige of it is perceptible in the fact that the mean humidity of January does 
not fall below that of December, and at Hazareebagh the proportion remains constant 
from November to January. At Cuttack, however, the phenomenon reappears, and 
the humidity of January appears to be higher than that either of the preceding or 
following months. This may possibly be due to the descent of an anti-monsoon current 
from the Arabian Sea, a conclusion which is favoured by several circumstances, which I 
shall refer to later on. 
It was observed by Dr. Hookek, in the meteorological appendix of his £ Himalayan 
Journals,’ that the relative humidity of the atmosphere remains pretty constant through- 
out all elevations in the Himalaya, except in a Tibetan climate*. The data for the 
hill-stations in the present Table generally confirm this observation, but they also 
show that the law is subject to considerable exceptions at certain seasons of the year; 
moreover, that the local law of variation is by no means the same at all the hill-stations, 
but varies with the character of the wind-currents prevailing at each station. At 
* Bessel assumed a similar law of distribution in computing' bis barometric formula. 
