‘POBCUPINE’ DEEP-SEA DEEDGING-EXPEDITIONS. 
737 
nuous, though crowded and displaced at the turns, falling again into regular order and 
diminishing in size, though not nearly so complete as in Mr. Flower’s specimen. 
“ After this apparently conclusive demonstration it appears desirable to give a name to 
this fossil, and to attempt a short description, although its rank and affinities are to us 
still a matter of conjecture. At present it is one of those anomalous organizations which 
Milne-Edwards compares to solitary stars belonging to no constellation in particular. 
The disciples of Von Baer may regard it as ‘a generalized form’ of Echinoderm, coming, 
however, rather late in the geological day. The publication of it should be acceptable 
to those who base their hopes on the ‘ imperfection of the geological record,’ as it seems 
to indicate the former existence of a family or tribe whose full history must ever remain 
unknown. 
“ Order E c h i n i d m. 
“ Genus Echinothuria. 
“ Echinothuria floris, n. sp. Test globular 1, diameter of compressed specimen 4 inches, 
thickness \ an inch, lantern projecting ^ an inch ; composed of ten segments or double 
series of imbricating plates, ornamented with obscure miliary granules and small spine- 
bearing tubercles, a few larger than the rest ; interambulacral plates narrow, slightly 
curved, with the convex edge upwards and overlapping ; the alternate plates bearing 
one large extero-lateral tubercle, perforated and surrounded by a raised ring and smooth 
areola; largest plates measuring 6 lines in length, the smallest 8 lines or less (the longest 
in second specimen equalling 7 lines) ; ambulacral plates 7 lines long, equalling the 
breadth of the exposed portions of eight plates, similar to the former, but curving and 
imbricating downwards towards the dental orifice, and having two small plates, each 
perforated by a pair of pores, intercalated in a notch of the middle of the lower margin ; 
a third pair of pores perforating the plate itself a little external to the centre ; primary 
tubercles few, irregularly distributed. 
“ Spines of three kinds, those adhering to the plates minute and striated ; fragments of 
larger spines (not certainly belonging to the species) striated, annulated, and furnished 
with a prominent collar to the articular end (fig. C) ; the third kind minute, clavate, 
and truncate, articulated (1) to a slender stalk (fig. Ed!)”*. 
Calveria , gen. nov. 
Plates of the corona greatly expanded towards the middle line of the interambulacral 
and ambulacral areas, the wide expanded portions overlapping. The plates curve 
abruptly about one third of their length from the middle line in the interambulacral 
spaces towards the mouth, and in the ambulacral areas towards the apex (the direction 
opposite to that in which they overlap). The outer portions of the plate in each area 
are so narrow as to leave spaces between the plates covered by membrane only. There 
is no special difference in character between the apical and the oral surfaces of the test. 
* “ On Echinothuria floris, a new and anomalous Echinoderm from the Chalk of Kent,” by S. P. Woodward, 
Geologist, vol. vi. (1863) p. 330. 
