PROFESSOR OWEN ON THE FOSSIL MAMMALS OF AUSTRALIA. 
797 
Transactions, 1872, or if a reference be made to that Plate and Plate viii. (op. cit. Noto- 
therium inerme ), the interesting and instructive modification of the present extinct Mar- 
supial, as transitional between Macropus and Nototherium, will be obvious. But the true 
macropodal character comes strongly out in the different result of the quest in the sub- 
stance of the jaw carried out in the subject of fig. 7, Plate LXXX. of the present memoir, 
and in fig. 5, Plate vi. ( loc . cit.) of a Nototherium at a similar stage of immaturity. 
I have been favoured with a photograph of a portion of a left mandibular ramus of a 
young Procoptodon Goliah at a corresponding stage of dentition (Plate LXXX. fig. 5). 
This was obtained from the Breccia-cave of Wellington Valley; the original is in the 
Museum of Natural History of Sydney, New South Wales. 
§ 9. Genus Palorchestes* , Ow. — The finest fossil evidence which has yet reached me 
of an extinct Kangaroo is the portion of skull figured, of the natural size, in Plates 
LXXXI., LXXXII., & LXXXIII. 
It was discovered in the year 1851 by Dr. Ludwig Becker, “in a bed of yellowish 
sand and clay mixed with very small shells,” in the Province of Victoria, Australia. 
The matrix had been cleared off before the fossil reached me. 
I am indebted for the opportunity of now describing and figuring this specimen to 
the kindness and liberality of my esteemed friend and fellow labourer in paleontology, 
the late estimable Dr. Kaup, of Darmstadt, to whom the fossil was in the first instance 
transmitted. 
It is much petrified, heavy, massive, like most of the fossils from the freshwater for- 
mations of Australia ; but it partakes of the colour of its matrix, which is lighter than 
that of the fossils from the drift-beds of Queensland. 
It includes the facial or fore part of the skull with the bony palate and both right 
and left series of molars. The sockets of the three incisors are preserved in the right 
premaxillary (Plate LXXXII. fig. 1, i i, 2 , 3 ) ; the left has suffered fracture in that part. 
Comparing the least-worn molar in this skull (Plate LXXXII. fig. 1, m 2 , and fig. 2, 
restored) with the corresponding tooth in the upper jaw of Procoptodon (Plate LXXIX. 
fig. 1, m 2 ), the coronal enamel is disposed on a simpler pattern, more in accordance with 
that of the normal Kangaroosf . Moreover, as in the larger living and extinct species 
of Macropus , the bony palate is entire (Plate LXXXII. fig. 1). 
The usual permanent or adult series of five molars have remained in place and use in 
our present fossil, whereas at the degree of wear shown by the last grinder, the first, if 
not also the second, would have been shed in Macropus proper J. 
In the maintenance of the adult series of five grinders the fossil resembles Osphranter, 
Halmaturus, and Sthenurus, but the premolar (ib. ib. p 3) differs in shape and proportion. 
Its antero-posterior extent is but three fourths that of the next tooth (ib. d 4); in 
Osphranter and Petrogale (Plate LXXVII. fig. 1) the premolar equals, in Halmaturus 
* ttccXcuos, ancient; op-^rja-Ttjs, leaper. 
t Philosophical Transactions, 1874, Plate xxi. fig. 10, m 2 ( Macropus Titan). 
t Ib. ib. fig. 15 ( Macropus Titan). 
