202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION. 
In general, cane-sugar estates working with vacuum pans 
may get 8 to 8-| per cent, sugar, whilst common process estates 
hardly yield more than 6 to 7 percent., and this by a richness 
of the canes of 15 to 18 per cent, in saccharine matter ! 
The average return of the German beet factories is not so 
high as in the factory mentioned above, the beets polarising 
only 11| per cent. ; it was 8*65 per cent, of sugar out of 
100 parts of beets, or one ton of sugar required 11*56 tons of 
beets (average of the last nine years). Better results were 
obtained in 1874-75, when 100 tons of beets yielded 9*3 
tons of sugar and 3*54 tons of molasses, or one ton of sugar 
= 10*75 tons of beets. 
In France, where less care of the cultivation of the beet- 
root has been taken, the return in sugar out of 100 tons of 
beets is 5*7 tons. 
The cost of production of one ton of sugar in Germany 
was <£30 8s. for the crop 1878-79, including the price of the 
beets = 20s. to 25s. per ton, and the government tax = 16s. per 
ton of beets worked up. The cost of working one ton of 
beets into sugar amounted to £2 16s. In the cited factory, 
the former have been only £23 7s. 6d., the latter £2 10s. 
These £2 10s. consist of — cost of one ton of beets, £1 2s. ; 
government tax, 16s.; >vages, 3s< ; fuel, 2s.; amortisation 
and interests, 4s. ; sundries, 3s. ; total, £2 10s. Sundries 
mean salaries, fire insurance, repairs, light, new machinery, 
etc. These figures multiplied with 25,750 = tons of beets 
worked up, give the expenses of the whole year: 25,750 
tons of beets, £28,325 ; government tax, £20,600 ; wages, 
£3,862 10s.; fuel, £2,575; amortisation and interests, 
£3,862 10s. ; total, £64,375. The clear profit of that year 
was £20,000. 
