BRUNIQUEL, AND ITS ORGANIC CONTENTS. 
531 
with rather more distinctness of the five tubercles, especially of the hindmost. In the 
position of the mental foramina and of all other characters of the mandibular bone the 
human type is closely preserved in the cavern-child. The condition of the bones, as to 
the degree of loss of gelatine, was the same as in the skulls of the adults. 
Nearer the fore part of the cavern and to the right of the preceding locality, and at 
the same depth, were portions of the bones of an infant in a very fragile and far-gone 
condition, of which only the fore part of the lower jaw (Register-No. 38336, British 
Museum) and parts of a parietal, frontal, and superoccipital were extricated from the 
adherent breccia. The mandibular portion included the sockets of the incisors and 
canines, with those of the right deciduous molars. The first of these was emerging 
from the socket, as in an infant of about the tenth month ; the apex of the deciduous 
canine had not pierced the gum ; only the four inferior incisors had been in place. The 
mental prominence is well marked in this mandible ; also the pair of fossae behind the 
symphysis, for the geniohyoid muscles. 
Whenever a sufficient number of skulls has been obtained from any given locality 
or country, or entombments of a period, the tendency of the brain-case to vary in 
its size, shape, and proportions to the face becomes manifest. This is exemplified in 
the ‘ Crania Britannica ’ of Davis and Tiiurnham ; in my own “ Report on the Skulls 
of Natives of Nepal”*, and in the ‘Crania Helvetica’ of Professors His and Ruti- 
meyer. Among the figures in the latter work may be noticed both brachy- and 
dolicho-cephalic crania of the pre-Roman period, of the Roman period, and of the Bur- 
gundian period; even the few skulls obtained from the ‘Pfahl-bauten,’ or lake-dwellings, 
exhibit well-marked varieties. We learn, therefore, a wholesome distrust of generali- 
zations as to the cranial characteristics of a particular race, or of the people of a parti- 
cular period. 
The calvarium from Bruniquel closely resembles in size and shape that from the Lake- 
dwelling at Morigen-Steinberg, B YII ; and also that from an ancient place of sepulture 
at Bolair. W. B VI. Like them it presents a good oval contour, and shows no mark 
or indication of an inferior or transitional type. The cerebral capacity is but small, is 
less than that of the skull from the Neanderthal cave, which in the development of the 
region of the frontal sinuses and superciliary ridge, closely resembles the old Batavian 
skull figured by Blumenbach in his last ‘ Decade,’ No. LXI1I. 
The conclusions which I deduce from the examination of the foregoing facts of the 
human skeleton discovered in the Cavern of Bruniquel are as follows : — 
They exemplify the distinctive characteristics of the human genus and species, as deci- 
dedly as do the corresponding parts of the present races. 
They show most affinity with the oldest Celtic types, the cranium being oval, and 
rather dolicho- than brachy-cephalic in its general proportions. 
The cranial capacity or brain corresponds with that of uneducated Europeans of Celtic 
origin ; and exceeds that of the average Australian aboriginals. 
* Report on Skulls of various trikes inhabiting Nepal, British Association Report, 1859, p. 97. 
