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XVI. Description of the Cavern of Bruniquel, and its Organic Contents. 
By Professor Owen, F.R.S. &c. 
Received August 20, 1868, — Read January 7, 1869. 
Part II.— EQUINE REMAINS. 
With the remains of animals from the Cavern of Bruniquel I brought away evidences 
of about thirty individuals of the Horse-kind. Like those of other herbivorous quadru- 
peds, they consisted of broken-up parts of the skeleton, chiefly portions of jaws with 
teeth, fragments of the limb-bones, and detached teeth. 
From the less instructive fragments left behind, or consigned to the rubbish-basket, I 
estimated that not fewer than a hundred individuals of the Equine genus had contributed 
to that proportion of the organic contents of the cavern which had been exhumed at the 
time of my exploration (January and February, 1864). 
Of these, as of the other larger quadrupeds (Bos primigenius , &c.), the major part were 
of immature individuals — young colts and fillies ; not more than four specimens of the 
entire molar series of permanent teeth (and I secured for the British Museum all such) 
had been extricated from the breccia and the hardened ‘ limon noir ’ and ‘ limon rouge ’ 
at the close of my second visit, February 1864. All these Equine remains were found 
mixed pell-mell with those of the other quadrupeds, owning no particular locality in the 
cavern, and at various depths from immediately beneath the then remaining thick mar- 
ginal stalagmite (fig. 3, p. 520, s s) to a depth of 5 feet in the ‘ limon rouge ’ (ib. 2 ), 
about the middle of the cavern. 
On a cursory comparison of the teeth, they indicated two kinds or varieties of Equines, 
slightly differing in size and in the relative size of the last molar tooth (Plate LVII. 
fig. 5 ; Plate LX. figs. 2-6). 
Before entering on the description of these fossils, I premise an explanation of the 
letters denoting the parts of the grinding-surface of the upper and lower molars in the 
accompanying Plates and Woodcuts (figs. 1-6), in order to abridge future remarks and 
facilitate the comprehension of the comparisons. 
Kg. 1- 
Upper molar, Palceotherium. 
4 c 2 
Fig. 2. 
Upper molar, Palojplotherium. 
