546 
PROFESSOR OWEN’S DESCRIPTION OF THE CAVERN OF 
of m 1 and m 2, and the form and proportions of m 3, are the points of agreement of 
the Ass with the spelaean Equine. 
The molar series of Equus spelceus (Plate LX. fig. 3) bespeaks a larger animal than the 
Kiang (E. hemionus , Plate LVIII. fig. 3). The series is more curved in this Cave-horse. 
The anterior grinder (p 2) is more produced and ends (or begins) more acutely (at a !) ; 
it is more like that of Equus caballus both in dimensions and in pattern. In the shape 
and relatively larger size of the lobule m of p 2, the spelaean Equine also resembles the 
Horse more than the Kiang. The last grinder, m 3, has the same relative smallness as 
in the Kiang, but terminates more acutely, the dentinal lobe, d, not being extended 
backward so as to give the bilobed termination shown in the Kiang and the smaller 
variety of Cave-Equines. The narrower posterior surface of ml and m 2, due to the 
non-production outward of the postexternal angle, is a character common to the Equus 
spelceus and E. hemionus. 
In the Quagga (Plate LIX. fig. 1) the difference in transverse extent of the fore and 
hind surfaces of m 1 and m 2 is rather less than in Equus sjpelceus (Plate LX. fig. 3). In 
this respect, as in the bilobed termination of m 3, the molar series of the Equus sjpelceus, 
var. A (fig. 2, Plate LX.), more resembles that of the Quagga. E. spelceus , var. B (Plate 
LX. fig. 3), shows the same superiority of size to the Quagga as to the Kiang and Zebra, 
and the same closer resemblance to the Horse in the proportions and pattern of the pre- 
molar teeth, and of the lobule m of all the grinders. The same observations apply to 
the comparison of Plate LX. fig. 3 with Plate LIX. fig. 3, Equus Burchelli. In the com- 
parison of the upper molar series of the variety B of Equus sjpelceus (Plate LX. fig. 3) 
with that of Equus Burchelli (Plate LIX. fig. 3), besides the greater size of the teeth, 
there is a difference in the minor extension of the anterior lobule of jp 2 of the Cave- 
Equine — the inner enamel-wall of which is continuous to the apex of the lobule, without 
the indent which marks off the base of that lobule in Equus Burchelli ; this enamel-wall 
meets that extended from the outer and anterior ridge, r, at almost a right angle in Eq. 
sjpelceus , var. B, yet forming a less-obtuse point than in var. A, or in Equus Burchelli. 
The enamel-wall of the valley e , jp 2, makes a retroflex bend at its closed end in 
Equus sjpelceus , var. B, not present in the Dauw, the Zebra, or the Quagga, nor in Equus 
spelceus , var. A. It is usually present in the Horse. 
The inner lobule, m, of p 3 to m 2, in Equus spelceus , var. B, has a grinding-surface 
in which the fore-and-aft extent is greater relatively to the transverse one than in Equus 
Burchelli and E. Zebra. In this character both varieties of the spelaean Equine resemble 
more the Horse than the striped species or the Asses. 
The portion of mandible or lower jaw affording the view of the entire series of 
grinders of the Equus spelceus , the subject of fig. 5, Plate LVII., could not be referred 
(from original juxtaposition in the Cave) to either of the series of the upper grinders 
from the Bruniquel deposits. But, as the series bears the same proportion in length to 
the upper molar series of Equus spelceus , var. B (Plate LX. fig. 3), which the upper and 
lower series of grinders show in Equus caballus , E. hemionus , E. asinus, &c., it may be 
