BRUNIQUEL, AND ITS ORGANIC CONTENTS. 
547 
concluded that the subject of fig. 5, Plate LYII. belonged to the same variety, or came 
from an individual of the same size, as the subject of Plate LX. fig. 3. 
Consequently this series of lower grinders of E. spelceus shows the same degree of 
inferiority of size to that of the large Horse figured in Plate LVII. fig. 2, as is exemplified 
by the upper molar series; but the resemblance in the essential characters of the 
grinding pattern, and in the proportions of the individual teeth, is very close. The 
expansion of the postinternal enamel-fold,^, olp 2 and p 3, is more wavy in E. spelceus ; 
but this character is not repeated in the succeeding grinders. The antero-posterior ex- 
tent of the premolars and of the molars is equal, as it is in E. caballus ; in the other 
existing Equines the premolars occupy a greater longitudinal extent than do the molars. 
The last molar, m 3, is narrower transversely, and terminates more acutely than in 
E. caballus. In comparison with the Kiang (Plate LVIII. fig. 4) the lobe d oip 4 -m 2 
is more compressed and produced, the expansion of the fold g is wider in all the 
grinders, and the terminal lobe, Z, of m 3 is larger in E. spelceus. The same remarks 
apply in the comparison with E. asinus (Plate LVIII. fig. 2). In E. quagga (Plate LIX. 
fig. 2) the terminal expansion of g resembles in width that in E. spelceus , and the lobe 
l of m3, comes nearer in its proportions to that in E. spelceus. In the Dauw (Plate 
LIX. fig. 4) the transverse dimensions of the lower grinders are more equal, do not 
decrease so regularly or uniformly from p 3 backward as in E. spelceus. 
Upon the whole, from the characters of the lower grinders, I incline to regard the 
Cave-Equine as belonging rather to the section of true horses than to that of the striped 
or asinine species. 
In the Ass and Kiang the lower canine, in the male, is relatively closer to the incisors 
than in the Horse (comp. Plate LVIII. figs. 2 & 4 c with Plate LVII. fig. 2 c); in the 
Quagga (Plate LIX. fig. 2) the interval between c and i 3 is about the same as in the 
Horse. 
An entire lower jaw of a fossil Equine from Newer Pliocene deposits at the “ Tour de 
Juvillac” of the river Allier, Puy-de-Dome (Plate LVII. fig. 6), shows the same relative 
position of the canine as in E. caballus. But this fossil accords so closely in dimen- 
sions and in the pattern of the grinding-surface of the teeth with the E. spelceus , that I 
believe it to be of the same race of horses. 
The slight difference in the minor relative size of m 3 (Plate LVII. fig. 6) is due to the 
state of attrition of the teeth of the specimen figured, which are from an old horse with 
the mark entirely worn away from the incisors i 1-3. Allowing for the difference of size 
and age of the individuals supplying the specimens (Plate LVII. figs. 2 & 6), the length 
of the diastema between p 2 and c is the same, as is that between p 2 and the socket 
of i 3 ; there is a like correspondence in the length of the symphysis mandibulae. 
The age of the animal whose remains have been obtained from sedimentary fresh- 
water deposits, and the age of the animal from the Cavern, indicate the different cir- 
cumstances under which they have respectively died — the one probably from old age, 
the other by the hand of man. 
