548 
PROFESSOR OWEN’S DESCRIPTION OF THE CAVERN OF 
Neither the text (pp. 155, 156) nor the figures (plate iii. Pachydermes) relative to 
the remains of Equines, in the ‘ Recherches sur les Ossemens Eossiles du Puy-de-Dome,’ 
by Croizet and Jobert, 4to, 1828, allow of further deductions beyond the fact that they 
relate to a species of the size of Equus spelceus , and, like it, more resembling the Horse 
than the Ass'*. 
In the collection of Equine fossils from freshwater beds at the “Tour de Juvillac” 
(alluvion superieur of Bravard’s MS. Catal.) are two series of grinders, each from the 
left side of the upper jaw, one agreeing in size with those of var. A of Equus spelceus, 
the other with those of var. B. But the smaller series has the last molar, m 3, less 
bilobed behind than in var. A (Plate LX. fig. 2, m 3) ; it more resembles that in var. B 
(fig. 3, m 3). The series of the smaller grinders of the Puy-de-Dome Equine are in a 
less straight line than in Plate LX. fig. 2, their curve agreeing with that of var. B, Plate 
LX. fig. 3. For the rest, the correspondence of the series of molars from the Auvergne 
beds (No. 34657 of Register, Brit. Mus.) with that of the Cave-Equine (Plate LX. fig. 2) 
is so close as to leave no doubt as to their specific and racial identity. The same con- 
clusion is enforced by a comparison of the series of molars of larger size from the 
Auvergne beds (No. 34658 of Register) with the series of var. B from the Bruniquel 
Cavern (Plate LX. fig. 3). In both instances the evidence of similarity, under the slight 
difference of size, is such as to impress one with a conviction that such difference relates 
to variety of size or difference of sex, rather than to race or species. 
Comparison of the teeth of Equus spelseus with those of other fossil Equines. 
The upper molars of Equus spelceus differ from those of Equus fossilis, Ow.f , from the 
Oreston limestone fissures, in the greater transverse breadth of the crown as compared 
with the fore-and-aft diameter (comp, p 4, fig. 3, Plate LX. with fig. 143, op. cit.). 
Like the molars of the recent E. caballus, those of E. spelceus are more quadrate in trans- 
verse section, less narrow transversely. The lobule m is broader transversely, and the 
ridge, n, is thicker. 
The lower molars of E. spelceus (Plate LVII. fig. 5, p 4) show the same difference from 
the fossil ones from the Oreston Cave-fissures (fig. 145, op. cit.), viz. in the greater 
relative transverse breadth, agreeing in this respect with the lower molars of the exist- 
ing horse. 
Not any of the fossil Equine teeth from Bruniquel show the degree of plication and 
* All the Equine fossils from upper pliocene beds at Malbattu, Puy-de-Dome, are referred “ a une seule espece 
dont la taille approche de eelle des zebres et des grands anes” (Croizet and Jobert, op. cit. p. 155). 
t Brit. Foss. Mam. p. 383, fig. 143. The last milk-molar, d 4, of this extinct species figured by Rutimeyer 
(op. cit. tab. i. fig. 12, D 1) is 32 millimetres in fore-and-aft diameter, 20 millimetres from the outer middle 
ridge to the inner part of the lobule m. Its successor, the last premolar, p 4, figured in ‘Brit. Foss. Mammals,’ 
fig. 143, has the same fore-and-aft diameter, with an increase of breadth of 5 millimetres, across the same part 
of the grinding-surface ; Retime yer’s figures, op. tit. tab. i. 7, 8, 10, are true molars of E. fossilis, Ow. ; fig. 6 
is a permanent molar of another species more nearly allied (if not belonging) to Equus caballus. 
