BRIJNIQUEL, AND ITS OEGANIC CONTENTS. 
553 
Asses, included in the genus Asinus of Gray. These latter, whether striped or unstriped, 
want, as is well known, the callosity on the inner side of the leg, called ‘ chataigne ’ by 
French veterinarians and ‘ sallander’ by English ones, in the hind limbs, and have it 
only in the fore limbs ; while the true Horses have it in both fore and hind limbs. The 
species of Asinus have the long hair of the tail limited to a terminal tuft, the rest being 
slender and clothed with short close hair like the skin of the body : in the species of 
Equus proper the skin of the tail developes the long hair from its base, giving the 
graceful flowing form to that appendage in that higher group. Asses and Zebras have 
a short close ‘ pelage,’ at least in the summer season ; and at no part of the year have 
I ever seen in any of the striped or unstriped Asini at our Zoological Gardens such a 
beard-like development of hair from the skin of the mandible as that which is notable 
in the wild Horse of the Pampas and in our own unkempt Exmoor or Shetland ponies 
and cart-horses, but which the neat groom is careful to eradicate in the trim horses used 
for carriage-draught or for saddle. 
The artistic instinct or propensity of the cave-dwellers with flint and bone weapons, 
of which I communicated examples in my former Paper'*, has left interesting and unex- 
pected evidence, helping toward the solution of the main question as to the nature of 
the wild Equines which they, most probably, hunted, trapped, and killed for food. 
On the two sides of a portion of one of the broad and flat ribs of the Horse, the 
primeval artist has cut the outline of the head of the living animal. Repeating his 
sketch as often as the scale of his drawing and the size of the smooth bone selected 
would permit, he has thus been able to put two heads and part of a third on each side 
of his bone (Cuts, figs. 7 & 8). 
Fig. 7. 
The collocation may show his intention to suggest the herds in which the wild animals 
congregated, and the single lines or files in which they fledf . The differences of size 
* See Philosophical Transactions, 1869, p. 517, Cuts 5 & 6. 
f Colonel Hamilton Smith, who was attached to the allied armies in the Campaign of 1813—14, gives, 
perhaps, the most trustworthy evidence of a race of wild Horses, taken from an intelligent orderly Cossack, who 
served as a Russian interpreter, and who had passed ten or twelve years in the Mongolian deserts near the 
frontier of China. He describes the chin and muzzle of such horse as beset with bristles, the tail bushy from 
the root, but not descending lower than the hocks ; when alarmed they fled “ in lines or files ” with the stallions 
in advance and also bringing up the rear. (In £ Jardine’s Naturalist’s Library,’ Equidse, 12mo, 1841, p. 161.) 
