94 
MR. H. N. MOSELEY ON THE 
four. The mouth was not seen very distinctly, but appeared to be a transverse slit in 
the middle of the disk. It remained expanded but a short time.” 
Pourtales places the genus Pliobothrus amongst the Milleporidse. The Rugosa he 
places at the end of the true corals. He has by the examination of the Lophophyllum 
proliferum (M. -Edwards and Haime) come to the conclusion that the tetrameral 
arrangement claimed for the Rugosa is only apparent, there being originally six 
primary septa. The coral was examined by cutting successive transverse sections. 
Such a section from the tip of Lophophyllum proliferum, representing the youngest stage, 
shows six primary septa and six interseptal spaces placed symmetrically on two sides of 
a vertical plane and unequally developed. By unequal development of additional septa 
in further development (investigated by the examination of sections successively 
■nearer to the margin of the calicle) the seeming tetrameral arrangement is produced. 
Pourtales refers to papers on the subject by Romer and Lindstrom, and cites L. Ludwig 
(H. von Meyer’s ‘ Palaeontographica,’ vols. x. & xiv.) as having shown the same facts and 
come to like conclusions concerning the affinities of the Rugosa, publishing his results 
before Pourtales. 
A. Kunth (Zeitschrift der deutsch. geol. Ges. xxi. Heft 8) is also cited by 
Pourtales. Kunth has examined the law of growth of the Rugosa chiefly by the con- 
sideration of the successive development of the costae. He still adheres- to the tetrameral 
primary division, from want, in the opinion of Pourtales, of having examined individuals 
of very young age and hence great simplicity. 
Kunth is further quoted in Leuckart’s Jahresbericht, 1870-71, p. 192, as finding 
the analogue of the operculum of Zoantharia Rugosa in the folds of skin described 
by Milne-Edwards as occurring in Cryptohelia pudica “ trotz der fehlenden Yerkalkung.” 
There must be some error here. Surely Kunth refers to the calcareous lamina pro- 
jecting in front of the mouth of the calicle of Cryptohelia springing from its margin. 
Kunth (Zeitschrift der deutschen zoolog. Gesellschaft, 1870, p. 81; Lindstrom, CEfvers. 
Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl. Bd. xxvii. pp. 922-926), the first discoverer of the 
opercular apparatus of Rugosa, compares the opercula to the skeletal structures of 
certain Primnoas, especially Primnoa lepadifera, Paramurina placomus, and Cyatho- 
phyllum Loveni. Goniophyllum pyramidale had four valves at the anterior end placed in 
pairs opposite one another, and only differing in that one of them is larger than the 
others. This larger one is the homologue of the one opercular valve of Calceola and 
Bhizophyllum. 
Prof. Claus (Grundziige der Zoologie, 3te Auflage, 1874, p. 226) places the Mille- 
poridse with the Hydroids. The Rugosa he considers should be separated as a third 
order of Anthozoa equivalent to the Alcyonaria and Zoantharia, and remarks on the 
relations between Rugosa and Hexactinia shown by the developmental history of the 
latter. 
Saville Kent (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1870, vol. vi. pp. 384-387) describes Favositi- 
