[ 197 ] 
VIII. On the Fossil Mammals of Australia. — Part X. Family Macropodid/E : Man- 
dibular Dentition and Parts of the Skeleton of Palorchestes ; additional evidences 
of Macropus Titan, Sthenurus, and Procoptodon. By Professor Owen, C.B.. 
F.B.S. , &c. 
Received May 10, 1875, — Read June 10, 1875. 
§ 1. Introduction. — The evidences of these extinct Mammals which have been made 
known through the ‘ Transactions ’ of the Foyal Society have stimulated the search 
and transmission of additional fossils, from which are selected for the present com- 
munication those tending to complete the restoration of the gigantic kind of Kangaroo 
indicated by the portion of skull described and figured in the volume for 1874*, and 
others adding to the knowledge of the dental system and osteology of Sthenurus, 
Procoptodon, and Macropus Titan. 
To E. S. Hill, Esq., of Woollahra, Sydney, I am indebted, through his brother-in- 
law Sir Daniel Cooper, Bart., for the portions of mandible adding to the dental 
characters of Palorchestes ; and to George Frederic Bennett, Esq., of Darling Downs, 
Queensland, I chiefly owe, through his father Dr. Bennett, F.L.S., of Sydney, the parts 
of the skeleton of the same extinct species about to be described, and the remaining 
subjects of the present paper. 
§ 2. Palorchestes Azael (Mandibular Characters and Dentition). — So much of the 
dental characters of the genus and species as could be defined from the condition of 
the maxillary teeth, described and figured in the above-cited volume, concurred with 
the cranial characters in showing that such large extinct Kangaroo deviated less from 
the type of the existing bilophodont Macropodidoe than did the species of the genus 
Procoptodon, some of which ( Proc . Goliah, for example f) rivalled Palorchestes in 
bulk. 
This conclusion is sustained by the evidence afforded by the subjects of Plate 19. 
The chief of these is a portion of the right mandibular ramus (fig. 1) with the teeth 
symbolized as d 4, m i, m 2, and part of m 3. A smaller portion of the left ramus of the 
same jaw (ib. fig. 5) contained the molar (m 1 ) entire, a portion of m 2 , and the sockets 
of the teeth ( d 4 and p 3). 
The depth of the ramus at the interval between^? 3 and d4 is 3 inches 3 lines; at 
the socket of the last molar (m 3) it is 2 inches 8 lines. Such gain of depth as the 
* Phil. Trans. 1874, p. 797, plates lxxxi.-lxxxiii. 
t Tom. cit. p. 791, plates lxxix., lxxx. 
2 e 2 
