22 
Principles of Classification. 
spindle shape, but it is abrupt or bitten off at its extre- 
mity, as in scabiosa succisa, devils bit scabious. 
A tuberous or knobbed root, radix tuber osa, is com- 
posed of fleshy knobs, connected by common stalks or 
fibres, as in solanum tuberosum, the potatoe, and helian- 
thus tuberosus, or Jerusalem artichoke. 
A bulbous root, radix bulbosa, is either solid, as in 
the crocus, or composed of concentrical layers, as in 
the onion, or scaly, consisting of fleshy scales attached 
at the base, as in the white and orange lily. 
A jointed or granulated root, radix articulata, or 
granulata, is composed of a number of small grains, or 
fleshy knobs, as in saxifraga granulata , white saxifrage^ 
and oxalis acetosella, or wood-sorrel. 
In Plates 4th and 5th, the same series of numbers is 
continued... 
Roots. — Fig. 1. Bulbous roots; fig. 2/ tuberous 
roots ; fig. 3. ramose, or branched ; fig. 4. fusiform, or 
spindle-shaped ; fig. 5. truncated ; fig. 6. articulated, or 
jointed ; fig. 7. creeping ; fig. 8. stoloniferous, or fur- 
nishing both roots and stems from the joints. 
Insertion and position of Reaves. — Fig. 9 . Radical 
leaves ; fig. 1 0. Cauline, or rising from the stem ; fig: 
11; double ; fig. 12. ternate, or united by threes; fig. 
13. alternate ; fig. 14. opposite; fig. 15. distichous, or 
in two rows; fig. 16. cruciform, or disposed cross- 
ways ; fig. 17. verticillate, or in whorls ; fig. 18. fascicu- 
lated, or in bundles; fig. 19. imbricated; fig. 20. 
embracing the stem; fig. 21. decurrent ; fig. 22. con- 
nate, or united together; fig. 23. sheathing; fig. 24. 
perfoliated ; fig. 25. petiolated, or with foot stalks j 
fig. 26. sessile ; fig. 27. brgcteated j fig. . 28. stipu* 
Sated. 
