58 
Pentandria. 
morning, have vanished before noon. The berries 
which succeed the flowers are first green, when fully 
grown become red, ripen into a dark purple, and at 
last shrivel and drop from the tree. The fruit is fit 
for collecting about seven months from the appearance 
of the flowers. The berries are either dried on plat- 
forms, or the pulp is bruised by means of a machine, or 
passed through the grating-mill by wdiich the pulp is 
torn off, and the seeds completely separated ; they are 
then washed in water, dried in the sun or by means of 
artificial heat, and afterwards put up in bags for the 
market. 
Viola. Gen. char.- — Cor. five-petaled, irregular, 
horned behind ; anthers united ; caps, superior three- 
valved, one celled ; cal. five-leaved, lengthened at the 
base. 
V. Odorata , Sweet Violet 5 without stem, shoots 
creeping, leaves heart-shaped with smoothish footstalks; 
perennial ; flowers in March and April, and grows in 
woods and hedges. Cultivated in the garden for the 
sake of its fragrant flowers. 
% 
V. Tricolor , Pansy Violet, Heart’s Ease ; stem angu- 
lar, leaves oblong, toothed, crenated, with lyre-shaped 
pinnatifid stipulae ; annual ; flowers through the sum- 
mer. 
V. Lutea, Yellow Mountain Pansy ; with triangu- 
lar stem, and leaves ovate, oblong, crenated and cili- 
ated ; perennial ; flowers through the summer, and is 
common in mountainous pastures in Scotland and the 
north of England. 
