Syngenesia. 
135 
pound* but with united tubular anthers, and with a 
partial calyx, are all included in one general calyx. 
These differences are the foundation of the five orders 
of this class. 
Order I. Pqeygamia ^Equalis. 
The character of this order is derived from each 
floret having perfect stamens and pistil, and producing 
ripe seed. Some other differences in the structure of 
the florets give rise to the distribution of the genera of 
this order into three sections. Under the first section 
are included those which have the florets all ligulate or 
strap-shaped, and which are denominated by Tourne- 
fort, semiflosculous ; their flowers are generally yel- 
low, sometimes blue, and rarely reddish ; they expand 
in a morning, and close towards noon, or in cloudy 
weather ; and their herbage, when bruised, affords a 
bitter milky fluid. Of this section common dandelion, 
goats’-beard, and hawk-weed, are good examples. In 
the second section the flowers are globose, or grow in 
heads, and the florets are all tubular, five-cleft, and 
spreading, as in Carduus , Thistle, and Arctium, Bur- 
dock. In the third section the flowers are discoid ; the 
florets are all tubular and regular, forming a flat or co- 
nical surface, as in Bidens , Bur Marygold, and Santo - 
Una, Sea-cotton Weed. 
Leontodon. Gen. char . — Receptacle naked ; cal. 
imbricated, down simple, on foot-stalks. 
Leon. Taraxacum, Common Dandelion ; with the 
exterior scales of the calyx reflected ; leaves runeinat- 
M 2 
