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Cryptogamia . 
Polytrichum. Gen. char — External fringe, with 
thirty-two or sixty-four short inflected teeth ; internal 
fringe, a plain undivided membrane; calyptra often 
double, the external one hairy. 
Polyt. Commune, Hair-moss ; with simple stem; 
leaves linear, lance-shaped, slightly serrated; caps, 
erect, square ; external fringe, with sixty-four teeth ; 
calyptra double. Common in moist woods and boggy 
places. ( 
Polyt. Undulatum, Waved Hair-moss ; with lance- 
shaped serrated leaves that curl in drying ; cylindrical 
nodding capsule, and calyptra rough on the summit ; 
teeth of the fringe thirty-two. Frequent in shady 
places and hedges. 
Order III. Hepatic.®, Liverworts. 
The plants included under this order are separated 
from the Algae or Flags, under which they were ar- 
ranged by Linnaeus. In the Liverworts the herbage is 
commonly frondose ; the fructification originates from 
what is at the same time both leaf and stem ; and the 
capsules have no lid or operculum. 
Jungermannia. Gen. char.-—{ 1 ) Barren flower, 
on a foot-stalk and naked, anther four-valved. (2) 
Fertile flower, sessile, naked, with roundish seeds. 
Jung. Lrichomanes , Powder-headed Jungermannia; 
with fronds simply pinnated ; leaves ovate, plain, very 
entire ; stem with the pistil at the summit. Near 
springs and rivulets in moist woods. 
