SIR B. C. BRODIE ON THE CALCULUS OF CHEMICAL OPERATIONS. 
71 
The following examples will sufficiently illustrate the way in which this principle is 
to be applied for the construction of “ normal ” equations : — 
2a+P=2ag, • • (1) 
4a 2 <p = 6a-|-a 2 <p 4 , (2) 
^+ a X 2 =^ a % 2 > (3) 
aV+aj3 2 =aV/3 2 , (4) 
a « 2 i 4 =owci 2 + ^| 2 , (5) 
a|+«|=a«f, (6) 
«Vf=a 2 ,-l-,r, (7) 
OL t fc 2 <' 2 v=2a<'-\-u 2 % 2 v, (8) 
a 2 « 2 j' + 2a=2aV ! J', (9) 
a 2 K 2 % 2 %^2oL 2 v==a. 3 v%-{-a. 3 vz 2 <' 2 , (10) 
aVr + 2 a 3 ^ 5 = 2 a 2 <p yj 3 | + 2a /u + a ViY, (11) 
3aVH-2 a ^= a , V^ 21 + 3ai, (12) 
2aVr + 3f=2a§ + 2 iaVg 4 , (13) 
aV»| + a|+3a^ 2 =^| 2 +af 2 -(-6a X , (14) 
aV*i+2 a vf=2 c w 2 +*r+3 a i (15) 
The above equations are strictly true, and are the records of actual observations. 
They are thus to be interpreted : — 
(1) Two units of hydrogen and one unit of oxygen are identical with two units of 
water. 
(2) Four units of phosphide of hydrogen are identical with six units of hydrogen 
and a unit of phosphorus. 
(3) A unit of mercury and a unit of chlorine are identical with a unit of protochlo- 
ride of mercury. 
(4) A unit of ethylene and a unit of bromine are identical with a unit of bromide 
of ethylene. 
(5) A unit of oxalic acid is identical with a unit of formic acid and a unit of car- 
bonic acid. 
(6) A unit of water and a unit of carbonic oxide are identical with a unit of 
formic acid. 
(7) A unit of acetic acid is identical with a unit of marsh-gas and a unit of car- 
bonic acid. 
(8) A unit of acetate of ammonia is identical with two units of water and a unit of 
aceto-nitrile. 
(9) A unit of aceto-nitrile and two units of hydrogen are identical with two units 
of ethylamine. 
