298 
ME. GEORGE H. DARWIN ON THE INFLUENCE OE 
21. Examples of other forms of Continent. 
I will now apply the preceding work to a few cases where the continents and seas do 
not satisfy the condition of giving the maximum effect. 
Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 represent the shapes of the continents as projected stereo- 
graphically. The shaded parts represent areas of elevation, the dotted parts those of 
depression ; and in the shelving continents and seas the contour lines are roughly indi- 
cated. P' shows the new position of the pole. In every case here given d = 0 and F=0. 
Fig. 3. F(0, <p) = sin 23 cos 2<p, from 0=0 to cr, and <p=— ^ to +^, and zero over the 
rest of the globe. 
e=2 T f 4 sin 3 3 cos 2 3 cos 2 <p cos <p <73 dq>=\ f V2, 
— 4 
tf'=KAe=-5480A. 
If the effective elevation or depth in the middle of continent or sea be 10,000 feet, 
PP'=1° 311'. 
This is the form of continent for which is worked out in Appendix A. 
Fig. 4. The same shape as the last, but of uniform elevation and depression of 
40,000 feet. 
e=2 4 2 j 4 sin 2 0 cos 3 cos cp d6 dq>= § V2, 
4 
i" = K7*e = 1 • 02 8 x A. 
PP'=2° 51^' when 7* = 10,000 ; an extreme supposition, as the area affected is a quarter 
of the whole globe. 
Fig. 5. F(3, <p) = l, from 3 = 0 to and from <p=— ^ to and — y over the rest of 
the globe. This is equivalent to F(3, <p)=y within the above limits. 
Then *"=f X l-028x7*= -587x7*, 
and PF=1° 38', when 7*=10,000 feet. 
Fig. 6. F(0, <p) = sin23 cos2<p, from 0=0 to and from <p=— ^ to +-, and zero over 
the rest of the globe. 
e = 2 1 j sin 3 3 cos 2 3 cos 2<p cos <p dQ d<p 
2 
i" = KAe = T 94 X 7* ; PF=32^, when A=10,000 feet. 
On the whole, then, it appears that continents, such as those with which we have tc 
