IOO 
Church . — The Polymorphy of 
Orkney has a noticeably milder winter than that of Shetland, 
the February temperature being 6°. It is fully in agreement 
with previous statements that Aglaozonia should here peren- 
nate safely and Cutleria vegetate in the summer without 
reaching any great bulk ; and it would appear that Pollexfen 
found all the Orkney specimens to be of the delicate ‘ peni- 
cillata , variety, which suggests but small amount of growth 
beyond the protonematoid condition. 
Skagerack and N orwegian Coast. From the extensive 
researches of Pettersson and Hjort, it is known that the 
temperature of the Skagerack and West Norwegian shores 
varies from year to year according to the manner in which 
the summer-heated waters of the Baltic find an outlet into the 
Atlantic, giving rise in summer to a superficial Norwegian 
coast-current (the Baltic current) running close along the 
shore, and thus forming a strip of water from Christiania to 
Nordland warmer than that of the North Atlantic summer. 
The Skagerack average temperatures given by Pettersson, 
especially the higher ones which represent those of warmer 
seasons, compare very favourably with those of Yarmouth 
with the exception of the late spring-rise. Christiania Fjord 
is the warmest portion of the Norwegian seas, and the best 
Norwegian stations for Cutleria occur in this Fjord. In warm 
winters the surface-temperature does not fall below 5°, while 
the summer maximum is 17-2°; these numbers falling well 
within the suggested temperature-limits for Cutleria and 
Aglaozonia . On the other hand, as in the North Sea, it is 
clear that the critical temperatures are reached in passing up 
the West Norwegian coast, where Cutleria is found sparingly, 
Aglaozonia more commonly, extending as far as Nordland 
but not to Lofoten. Winter-temperatures along the coast 
again vary in different years according to the relative strength 
of the Baltic current, now cold at 2° or less, and the open 
Atlantic at 6°-j°. In warm winters the surface-temperature 
may be as high as 6° at Hardanger Fjord and as much as 4 0 
at Vikten. On the other hand, the surface-layers lose heat in 
contact with the extreme low temperature of the air at 
