262 Shaw. — The Fertilization of Onoclea. 
Williams 1 and by Strasburger 2 for Fucus. The approaching 
sexual nuclei and the resulting spore-nucleus have been 
described by Klebahn 3 * for Closterium and Cosmarium and for 
Rhopalodia^ , and by Fairchild 5 for Basidiobolus. In Voucher ia 
the sperm-nucleus becomes nearly like the egg-nucleus before 
the two come in contact. In Oedogonium the chromatin 
granules of the sperm-nucleus are larger than those of the 
egg-nucleus at the time when fusion begins. In Fucus the 
sperm-nucleus becomes closely appressed to the egg-nucleus 
before the granular structure of the sperm-chromatin appears. 
From Strasburger ’s 6 work on the Gymnosperms it is evident 
that the sexual nuclei in these plants are alike and nearly 
equal at the time of fusion, and in this respect the sexual 
nuclei of Lilium Martagon are similar, according to the 
account of Guignard 7 . Mottier 8 has recently found that, 
contrary to the description by Guignard of L. Martagon , the 
constituents of the male and female nuclei of Lilium candidum 
cannot be distinguished in the nucleus formed by the fusion. 
The general character of the sexual organs and the sexual 
cells of the Ferns is too well known to need reviewing here. 
The way in which the sexual organs open and the multiciliate 
spermatozoids make their way from the antheridium to the 
archegonium is described in many text-books 9 . It is with 
the development and structure of the spermatozoid with 
reference to its constituents and their distribution and 
activities that investigation has lately been mainly concerned. 
Guignard 10 had in 1889 concluded that the body of the 
spermatozoid is formed from cytoplasmic as well as nuclear 
substance: and, according to Strasburger 11 , Belajeff had in 
the same year advanced so far as to describe the spermatozoid 
1 Farmer and Williams ’96, p. 482. 2 Strasburger ’97, p. 351. 
3 Klebahn ’91, p. 440. i Klebahn ’96, p. 639. 
5 Fairchild ’97, p. 292. 
6 Strasburger ’78, pp. 50-51 ; see also Vines ’95, p. 472. 
7 Guignard ’91, p. 198 ; see also Wilson ’96, p. 161. 
8 Mottier ’97, p. 149. 
9 See Strasburger and Hillhouse ’89, pp. 292-295 ; also Atkinson ’94, p. *0. 
10 Guignard ’89, p. 379. 11 Strasburger ’92, p. 105. 
