3 1 8 Ward. — Some Thames Bacteria . 
Another point of importance, however, concerns those 
endosporous bacilli which are never motile, e.g. B. Anthracis , 
and those which have cilia, e. g. B. subtilis. I believe no one 
has suggested that the former may have had a totally different 
origin from the latter and that both may have been derived 
from ancestors other than Cyanophyceae ; but it seems not 
impossible that minute reduced forms of Zygnemaceae and 
allied Conjugatae may have given rise to the non-motile 
bacilli. In such an event the endospores are probably homo- 
logues of azygospores 1 , the intercalary growth, division, 
shapes of cells, and even the tendency to gelatinization of the 
cell-walls remaining the same. 
Indeed we may go further. Many Ulothricaceae would 
serve as prototypes of ciliated bacilli if they lost their 
chlorophyll and became reduced. It is not impossible that 
we may have to abandon the Cyanophyceae as probable 
ancestors of endosporous forms altogether, for none of the 
Oscillarieae develop ciliated cells, while many Chlorophyceae 
have intercalary growth and gelatinous walls. 
Even the curious pedicellate bacilli, which form one-sided 
growths or stalks of gelatinous consistence, such as my B. 
verniiforme 2 and the B. pediculatum of Koch and Hosaeus 3 , 
are not without possible parallels among Chlorophyceae, e. g. 
Naegeli’s Oocardium 4 and other Tetrasporeae. 
Moreover, it would seem probable that some of the Chlamy- 
dobacteriaceae have had a totally different origin from any 
of the other Schizomycetes, as is especially evident when 
forms like Phragmidothrix are compared with Bangia and 
its allies. 
The development of endospores has undoubted analogies 
with the formation of cysts in certain Flagellatae — e. g. Chro - 
mulina and Monas — as Migula has pointed out 5 , and there are 
several other cases. 
1 Klebs, Die Bedingungen d. Fortpflanzung einiger Algen, &c., p. 255. 
2 Phil. Trans., Vol. clxxxiii, 1892, p. 149. 
3 Lafar, Technische Mykologie, p. 247. 
4 Pflanzenfamilien, 1. Th., 2. Abth., p. 51, Fig. 33. 
5 Pflanzenfamilien, 1. Th., 1. Abth. a., p. 11. 
