478 Pearson. — Anatomy of the Seedling of 
walls (Fig. 4, tr.). These outlying elements would seem to 
be of the same nature as those described by Worsdell in 
the cotyledon of Cycas revoluta 1 . The phloem has the 
usual characters, but contains no fibrous elements such as 
are so abundant in the root-phloem. The protophloem has 
not undergone any crushing ; in other respects the coty- 
ledonary bundle closely resembles that of the lower part 
of the petiole of the foliage-leaf. In all the preparations 
examined, the cotyledonary bundles were strictly collateral 2 . 
The plumule is very short and undergoes but a small 
development during the later history of the plant. The 
radicle gives rise to a strongly-developed tap-root (Fig. i). 
The Root. 
The seedling possesses a well-developed root-system com- 
prising a strong tap-root from which arise numerous lateral 
branches, some of which are apogeotropic. 
The anatomical structure of the main root is in no way 
abnormal. The stele is usually four- or five-arch, and encloses 
a well-developed pith. Fig. 5 represents a transverse section 
of the stelar region ; the section was taken from a point 
about 2 cm. from the apex of a root which was 5 cm. in 
length. It shows five distinct primary xylem-groups, and 
three well-marked groups of phloem. In older roots the 
masses of phloem and xylem are equal in number. The 
stele is bounded by an endodermis, distinctly marked in 
older roots, but indistinguishable in the section from which 
Fig. 5 was prepared. 
The pericycle consists of four or five layers of cells. The 
wide cortex is composed of large parenchymatous cells of 
a uniform size, which, in the older roots, are densely filled 
with starch. Many of the cells of the cortex, particularly 
1 W. C. Worsdell, On ‘transfusion-tissue.’ Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot., (2) Vol. v, 
1897, p. 307. 
54 A cursory examination of a preparation which Mr. W. C. Worsdell kindly 
showed me at Kew was insufficient to convince me of the presence of a concentric 
bundle in the cotyledon. 
