272 
SNOW BIRD. 
the neck, pale ash ; bill, in winter, black ; in summer, the 
lower mandible flesh coloured; rump, dark ash; belly and 
vent, white ; back, variegated with black and bright bay ; 
wings, black, broadly edged with bright chestnut ; tail, dusky, 
forked, and slightly edged with pale ochre ; legs and feet, a 
pale flesh colour. The female differs in having less black on 
the frontlet, and the bay duller. Both lose the black front in 
moulting. 
SNOWBIRD. — FRINGILLA HUDSONIA. * — Plate XVI. Fig. 6. 
Fringilla Hudsonia, Turton , Syst. i. 568. — Emberiza hyemalis, Id. 531. — Lath. i. 
66 Catesb. i. 36 Arct. Zool. p.359, No. 223. — Passer nivalis, Bartram, 
p. 291. — Beale's Museum , No. 6532. 
FRINGILLA HYEMALIS. — Linn^us. 
Fringilla hyemalis, Bonap. Synop. p. 109 North . Zool. ii. p. 259. — The Snow- 
Bird, Aud. pi. 13, Orn. Biog. i. p. 72. 
This well known species, small and insignificant as it may 
appear, is by far the most numerous, as well as the most 
extensively disseminated, of all the feathered tribes that visit 
us from the frozen regions of the north, — their migrations 
extending from the arctic circle, and, probably, beyond it, to 
the shores of the Gulf of Mexico, spreading over the whole 
breadth of the United States, from the Atlantic Ocean to j 
Louisiana ; how much farther westward, I am unable to say. 
About the 20th of October they make their first appearance 
in those parts of Pennsylvania east of the Alleghany Moun- 
tains. At first they are most generally seen on the borders 
of woods among the falling and decayed leaves, in loose flocks 
of thirty or forty together, always taking to the trees when 
disturbed. As the weather sets in colder, they approach nearer 
the farm-house and villages ; and on the appearance of, what 
Nivalis of first edition. 
