ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK. 
277 
ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK. * — LOXIA ROSEA. 
Plate XVII. Fig. 2. 
Loxia Ludoviciana, TurtorCs Syst. — Red-breasted Grosbeak, A.rct, Zool. p. 350. No. 
212. — Red-breasted Finch, Id. 872. No. 245. — Le rose gorge, Buff. iii. 460 
Gros-bec de la Louisiane, PI. enl. 153. fig. 2. — Lath. ii. 126. — P cole's Museum, 
No. 5806, male ; 5807, female ; 5806, A, male of one year old. 
GUIRACA L UDO VICIANA. — Swainson. 
Fringilla (sub-genus Coccothraustes) Ludoviciana, Bonap. Synop. p. 113. — Cocco- 
thraustes (Guiraca) Ludoviciana, North. Zool. i. p. 271. 
This elegant species is rarely found in the lower parts of 
Pennsylvania ; in the state of New York, and those of New 
England, it is more frequently observed, particularly in fall, 
when the berries of the sour gum are ripe, on the kernels of 
Wilson. Little seems to be known of their summer haunts ; and, indeed, 
the more northern species remain in the same obscurity. They generally 
all migrate, go north to breed, and winter in southern latitudes. The 
species of Great Britain and Europe performs a like migration, assembling 
in very large flocks during winter, feeding upon seeds, &c. and retiring north 
to breed. A few pairs not performing the migration to its utmost northern 
extent, breed in the larger pine woods in the Highlands of Scotland. In 1829, 
they were met with in June, in a large fir wood at Killin, evidently breeding ; 
last year they were known to breed in an extensive wood at New Abbey, in 
Galloway. In their winter migrations they are not regular, particular districts 
being visited by them at uncertain periods. In Annandale, Dumfriesshire, they 
were always accounted rare, and the first pair I ever saw there, was shot in 
1827. Early in October, as the winter advanced, very large flocks arrived, and 
fed chiefly upon the ragweed, and under some large beech trees, turning over 
the fallen mast, and eating part of the kernels, as well as any seeds they could 
.find among them. In 1828 they again appeared; but in 1829, not one was 
seen ; and the present winter, ( 1830,) they are equally wanting. The plate of our 
author is that of the bird in its winter dress. As he justly observes, the 
plumage becomes much richer during the season of incubation. The black 
parts become brighter and deeper, and the olive of a yellower green. — Ed. 
* This species seems to have been described under various specific names, 
by various authors. Wilson, in the body of his work, calls it L. rosea ,• but 
he corrects that name afterwards in the index, and restores that by which it 
