GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF OUR GLOBE. 
481 
tersected by several ranges running in the same direction, 
and in sailing parallel to the African and Spanish coasts the 
observer cannot help seeing as he passes the latitude of 
each range that the deep blue of the ocean is changed to a 
dark green, clearly marking the submerged mountain lines 
he is sailing over ; so when passing the Devil’s Bock, a 
similar change of color takes place, and, doubtless, another 
submerged mountain chain connects it with the three Chim- 
nies. Job’s Eock, and Newfoundland. The same subject 
might be continued to show that Australia was then connected 
with New r Zealand, and by the peninsula of Akaroa with the 
Chatham Isles, and to the south with the Auckland and 
Macquarie Islands. 
The relative position of land and ocean has, doubtless, in 
many parts been greatly altered, and if ancient continental 
lines of upheavement are still to be discerned, it is equally 
easy to trace the boundaries of ancient oceans, which once 
flowed parallel to those continents, as the Atlantic and 
Pacific do to the present ones. First to the Polar Ocean, 
next Hudson’s Bay, stretching across to the Baltic, the 
great lakes of Ladoga and Onega, then across Asia to the 
sea of Ochotsk, and Kamschatka, to America, with its salt 
lakes and prairies ; another ancient ocean takes in the 
Mediterranean, Black, Caspian, and Aral seas, with the 
depressed desert plains of Africa and Asia, and the large 
North American lakes ; and passing over the central waters 
of Africa, with which we are only just becoming acquainted, 
there is the grand Southern Ocean encircling the entire globe. 
The pointed terminations of the southern continents, each 
with an island to the east or south, the same in the northern 
hemisphere, as that of Kamschatka, California, and the 
Floridas. The form also of the western sides of Ireland, 
Scotland, and Norway, all betoken the quarter from which 
some grand destruction came, and are to be viewed as last- 
ing proofs of the earth’s past throes. 
If the present continental lines of upheavement are in 
any way attributable to the revolution of our planet, it ap- 
pears equally probable that these older lines owed their 
