222 
PROFESSOR FORCHHAMMER ON THE COMPOSITION 
Atlantic regions (the East Greenland current included), 1-810, 1-812, 1-808, 1-813, it 
will be 1-811 ; and if we use this coefficient, the mean salinity of that part of the sea 
will be 35-327, or if we take the mean coefficient of the whole ocean, 1-812, it will be 
35-347. The maximum was in 76° 15' N. lat. and 13° 15' E. long., with 20-019 chlo- 
rine = 36-254 salt; the minimum in 70° 30' N. lat. and 19° 5' E. long., with 18-993 
chlorine =34-396, near the coast of Norway, which evidently has had influence upon the 
result*. 
Fifth Region, C. The Polar Sea to the North of Spitzbergen. — I have only one observa- 
tion, of which I owe the sample to Professor Blomstrand. It is from 80° N. lat. and 12° 
E. long., containing 18-517 chlorine, which gives, with a coefficient of 1-812, a salinity 
of 33-623. 
Sixth Region. The German Ocean or the North Sea. — The mean of six complete ana- 
lyses is 32-823 per 1000 salt, the maximum is 35 041, the minimum 30-530 per 1000 
salt, the maximum is from the mouth of the channel near the Gallopper, and the 
minimum is from Heligoland, where the water of the Elbe has a considerable influence. 
The mean coefficient is 1-816, which also shows the influence of the land. 
Seventh Region. The Kattegat and the Sound. — The quantity of salt in the water of 
this region is very variable ; a northerly current and wind brings water which is richer 
in salt than that brought by a southerly wind and current. The mean of six complete 
analyses and 141 observations, in which only the chlorine was determined, gives 16-230 
per 1000 salt, the maximum 23-243, and the minimum 10*869. It must further be 
remarked that the proportion of chlorine and lime, which in the whole ocean are in 
mean number 100 : 2 -96, in this region are 100 : 3-29, which again must be considered 
as depending upon the influence of the land. The mean coefficient is 1-814. 
Eighth Region. The Baltic. — The mean numbers are deduced from complete analyses 
of samples of sea-water taken on board the Frigate ‘ Bellona,’ on a voyage from 
Copenhagen to St. Petersburg, combined with a complete analysis of water from 
Svartklubben to the north of Stockholm. Its salinity varies very much in the different 
localities, and is of course less in the eastern than in the western portions of the Baltic ; 
it varies also in the same place according to wind and current. I found the mean for 
this region 4-931 per 1000 salt, the maximum 7-481 in the channel between Bornholm 
and Sweden, the minimum in the merchant harbour of Kronstadt =0-610 per 1000 salt. 
The mean proportion of chlorine and lime is 100 : 3-64, in the Bay of Finland it is 
100 : 7-49. The mean coefficient is 1-835, in the merchant harbour of Kronstadt it is 
2-230. The influence of the land is here expressed in these different numbers. 
Ninth Region. The Mediterranean. — All my observations lie between the Straits of 
Gibraltar and the Greek Archipelago. It is a general belief that the water of the 
Mediterranean contains more salt than the water of the ocean in general, and this 
opinion depends partly upon some analyses, partly upon the observation that at the 
Straits of Gibraltar there is a constant upper-current, which runs into the Mediterranean, 
* That this sea is a branch of the Gulf-stream was acknowledged long ago. 
