FORAMINIFERA FROM THE NORTH ATLANTIC AND ARCTIC OCEANS. 341 
in the ‘ Annales des Sciences Nat.,’ vol. vii. pi. 10, fig. 1-3; the ribbed form (N. Glcms , 
D'Orb.) is represented by D’Orbigny’s Modele, No. 51 ; both of these were from the 
Adriatic, and were grouped in his subgenus Glandulina, characterized by the short and 
acute-ovate shell, formed of few, close-fitting chambers, rapidly enlarging from the 
primordial. Similar characters, but with less regularity, are found in many specimens 
of Nodosaria Radicula, and therefore the term Glandulina is useful merely for conve- 
nience in distinguishing the neatest of a great number of similarly modified forms, and 
is nothing in a zoological sense. 
Our specimens are from Nordland, in the Arctic Circle, at a depth of 160 fathoms 
(Messrs. MacAndrew and Barrett) ; and they appear to be not uncommon, on a muddy 
bottom. 
This Glandulina occurs also, though never abundantly, in other seas ; for instance, on 
the muddy bed of the Gulf of Suez at 30 to 40 fathoms ; in the Mediterranean, at from 
30 to 100 fathoms (particularly in the Adriatic); and it has been found by Mr. H. B. 
Brady in sea-sand from Shetland. 
In the fossil state this form is not rare, though of extremely small size, as in several 
of the fossiliferous clays of the Secondary Period (where it is apt to run, on the one 
hand, into Lingulina , and, on the other, into Nodosaria Radicula), as in the Upper Tri- 
assic Clay of Chellaston, the Oxford Clay of Leighton, the Kimmeridge Clay of Ayles- 
bury, and in the Chalk-marl ; as also in the Tertiary strata of the Mediterranean area. 
Nodosaria Radicula , Linn. sp. Plate XIII. figs. 2-7 (Arctic). 
This is a Nodosarian variety closely related to the last, passing gradually from the 
shape of a top to that of a pupa, or from a glandiform to a cylindrical shape, thus com- 
prising Nodosaria humilis , Ifoemer, and many other named subvarieties. These allied 
forms also lead out from Nodosaria proper to Dentalina ; the aperture being often 
excentric and the axis curved. The several intermediate modifications of form have 
received numerous binomial appellations from authors. 
Fig. 4 presents, instead of the round aperture, a transverse slit. This is a character 
supposed to be of generic value by D’Orbigny and special to Lingulina , this form of 
aperture being connected generally with a flattened or tongue-shaped form of shell. 
Here we have a specimen which dissolves the distinction between Nodosaria and Lin- 
gulina. 
Of the specimens here illustrated, figs. 2-6 are from Nordland (MacAndrew and 
Barrett), 160 fathoms, muddy bottom. They are common (about a dozen specimens), 
and of relatively large size. Fig. 7 is from Hunde Islands, Davis Straits, from a 
bottom of shelly sand, at 30-40 fathoms (Dr. P. C. Sutherland). 
These and numerous other closely allied forms occur in abundance in the Upper 
Triassic and Liassic clays, and in the clays of the Oolitic formation, but usually they are 
of very small size. In the Gault, Chalk-marl, and Chalk of the Cretaceous group, Nod. 
Radicula and Nod. humilis , connecting it with Glandulina laevigata , are not uncommon, 
mdccclxv. 3 a 
