FORAMINIFERA FROM THE NORTH ATLANTIC AND ARCTIC OCEANS. 
395 
throughout the “ Boreal” portion of the abyssal tract (1400-2300 fathoms) ; and neither 
large nor common at 329 fathoms north of Newfoundland Bank. Mr. Brady has some 
fine specimens from the Irish Sea. 
Pulvinulina repanda, Fichtel and Moll, sp., Var. Menardii, D’Orbigny, sp., Subvar. 
Canariensis, D’Orbigny, sp. Plate XVI. fig. 47-49 (North Atlantic). 
Pulvinulina Canariensis, D’Orb., For. Canar. pi. 1. figs. 34-36, is a dwarf form of 
P. Menardii, common but distinct among the larger specimens in deep water, and widely 
distributed from the north to the Tropics. It is more attenuate than well-grown 
specimens of the subtype (P. Menardii), and usually is very imperfectly limbate. 
D’Orbigny’s figure has a limbate upper surface, and the mouth more patent on the 
lower plane than in our specimen : but these modifications are of continual occurrence. 
P. Canariensis may be said to be a starved form among w T ell-fed ones (as happens with 
Globigerince and many other Foraminifera) ; yet it is well to keep it apart with a name, 
as, should it occur without P. Menardii, it would bespeak an unfavourable habitat. 
In the North Atlantic Pulvinulina Canariensis is wide-spread. On the eastern marginal 
plateau it is common and small at 78 fathoms, rare and small at 338 fathoms, and rare 
and middle-sized at 415 fathoms. In the “Celtic” abyssal tract it is rather common; 
throughout the “Boreal” portion also (1400-2300 fathoms) it is rather common, but 
smaller. North of the Bank, at 161 fathoms, and in Trinity Bay, it is rare and small. 
Pulvinulina repanda, Fichtel and Moll, sp., Var. Menardii, D’Orb. sp., Subvar. pauperata, 
nov. Plate XVI. figs. 50, 51 a, 51 b (North Atlantic). 
Pulvinulina pauperata is rare, usually small, and nearly symmetrical ; found at 
great depths (2000 fathoms) in both high and low latitudes, and is often much larger in 
the latter than in the former. It presents a feeble, and, as it were, accidental condition, 
in which the thin film of sarcode surrounding the few feebly marked chambers has been 
calcified beyond their verge. Though it is very small here, we have seen this variety 
(from subtropical seas) as large as the largest P. Menardii. In tropical seas (Tropical 
Atlantic and Indian Ocean) it is large but rare. 
This variety occurs in company with P. Menardii and P. Canariensis, which are found 
taking on a margined condition, with feebly developed chambers, thus connecting the 
depauperated variety under notice with themselves. Comparing this deep-sea attenu- 
ated form with those of shallow water, we see that the latter become vermiculate, losing 
the power of forming separate chambers. 
P. pauperata is rare in the North Atlantic (the figured specimens are all we met with) ; 
in the “Boreal” tract, towards Newfoundland Bank it is middle-sized at 1450 fathoms; 
and in the Abyssal “ Celtic” tract it is small. 
