396 
ME. W. K. PAEKEE AND PEOEESSOE T. E. JONES ON SOME 
Pulvinulina repanda , Fichtel and Moll, sp., Var. Menardii, D’Qrbigny, sp., Subvar. Miche - 
liniana, D’Orbigny, sp. Plate XIV. fig. 16 (Arctic) ; Plate XVI. figs. 41-43 
(North Atlantic). 
This small compact conical Pulvinulina occurs in deep water. Its deepest known 
habitat is at 2700 fathoms (South Atlantic). It is very common in the North Atlantic. 
In the Mediterranean it flourishes at 400-500 fathoms on muddy bottoms, being larger 
there than our figured specimens ; it then takes the place of P. Menardii. In shallow 
vrater it degenerates into bizarre varieties. 
P. Micheliniana abounds fossil in the Chalk and Gault, and was first described by 
D’Orbigny in his Memoir on the Foraminifera of the White Chalk of Paris, Mem. Soc. 
Geol. de France, vol. iv. pi. 3. figs. 1-3, together with another closely allied variety of 
P. Menardii (P. crassa, D’Orb., sp., loc. cit. figs. 7-8); as well as a third variety 
(P. Cordieriana , D’Orb., loc. cit. figs. 9-11), a member of the P. elegans group of P. re- 
panda. 
At the Flunde Islands this usually deep-sea form, P. Micheliniana , is represented by 
rare and small individuals at 25-30 fathoms. 
Plate XVI. figs. 41-43 (North Atlantic). 
From the Arctic Ocean we had but very few specimens of P. Micheliniana , owing to 
the paucity of deep-sea soundings. In the North Atlantic it is very common; and 
generally very rough or scabrous in its shell-tissue ; in fact it may be said to be here 
P. truncatulinoides, D’Orb., sp. (For. Canar. pi. 2. figs. 25-27), and the two forms are 
scarcely worth separating by distinct names. 
On the Irish marginal plateau it is rare and small in the shallow, rather common and 
large in the deep parts. In the “ Celtic” abyssal depths it is common and rather large ; 
but in the “Boreal” tract (at upwards of 2000 fathoms) it is smaller and rarer; and 
nearer to the Bank it is rare and small at 1450 fathoms. 
Pulvinulina repanda , Fichtel and Moll, sp., Var. Karsteni , Iteuss, sp. Plate XIV. figs. 14, 
15, & 17 (Arctic); Plate XV. figs. 38-40 (North Atlantic). 
This is a neat, many-chambered, moderately conical variety of P. repanda , with some 
degree of limbation bordering the chambers, especially beneath, where a wheel-like 
system of exogenous shell-matter characterizes the shell. 
This occurs in each of the soundings at the Flunde Islands (Sutherland), and is com- 
mon and of middling size in most of them. It is found also at 150 fathoms in Baffin’s 
Bay, lat. 76° 30', long. 77° 52' (Parry). It is small at Shetland (Brady). 
Plate XVI. figs. 38-40 (North Atlantic). 
Pulvinulina Karsteni,~Rexiss, sp. (Zeitsch. deutsch. geol. Ges. 1855, vol. vii. pi. 9. fig. 6), 
is usually smaller and more conical than P. Menardii, also rounder, quite smooth, and 
free from the limbation on its upper face, which is present in P. Menardii ; on its lower 
