502 PROFESSOR MARSHALL ON THE BRAIN OF A BTTSHWOMAN; AND 
shrunken within the cranium, but having undergone no observable flattening or dis- 
tortion. 
The membranes being dissected off, a photograph was taken of this side of the head, 
with the brain and spinal cord in situ , so as to put on record the bond Jide relationship 
between them. The brain being now removed with the medulla, and both cleared 
of their remaining membranes, nine photographs, the size of nature, were taken of it. 
These views included the base and vertex, the frontal and occipital aspects, both sides, 
a section showing the inner surface of the left half of the encephalon, the under surface 
of the left cerebral hemisphere, and, lastly, the left lateral ventricle and its contents. 
The right half of the encephalon was left undissected, to serve as a museum specimen, 
or for further investigation. The weight of this right half of the preserved brain being 
ascertained, the separated pieces of the left half, all of which had been preserved, were 
weighed in three portions, so as to give the respective weights of the left cerebral 
hemisphere, and of the left half of the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. By 
adding all these weights together, the total weight of the preserved brain was found ; 
and by allowing proportionate values for the several parts of its undivided right half, a 
sufficiently near approximation was obtained to the respective weights, in the preserved 
condition, of the entire cerebrum, cerebellum, and pons with the medulla oblongata. 
In proof of the satisfactory character of these weighings, it may be stated that the right 
and left halves of the brain differed in weight only 20 grains, the advantage being on 
the right side, in which, however, a part of the choroid plexus was necessarily included. 
The left half was probably, as has been observed in European brains by Dr. Boyd*, 
somewhat the heavier. 
To determine from the preceding data the probable weight of the recent brain and 
its parts, two modes were had recourse to — the first depending on the ascertained loss 
of weight in brains preserved in spirit, the second having reference to the cubical 
capacity of the cranium measured by means of water. It cannot be assumed that such 
calculations are quite correct ; but I have given the subject careful consideration, and 
have recorded the actual weights, taken from the preserved brain, with all other data 
which have been employed. 
A plaster cast of the interior of the cranium, taken after putting its several pieces 
together, before the membranes were removed from the right half, assisted in determining 
the general form, dimensions, and relative position of the parts of the recent encephalon. 
The fissures, lobes, and convolutions were studied on the preserved brain, and are 
illustrated in the several photographic views. They are compared, in the paper, with 
the same parts in the European brain, with the brain of the so-called Hottentot Venus f, 
who, there seems reason to believe, was of the Bosjes race, and with the brains of the 
higher Apes. The commissures, ventricles, and ganglionic masses were also examined 
and measured on the preserved brain, and are nearly all shown in the photographs. 
* Philosophical Transactions, 1861, vol. cli. p. 261. 
t Gratiolet, ‘Mem. snr les Plis Cerebraux de PHomme,’ &c. Paris. No date (1854?). 
