508 PROFESSOR MARSHALL ON THE BRAIN OF A BUSHWOMAN; AND 
The ratio of the cerebrum to the body in the Bushwoman, assumed with a height of 
5 feet to weigh 90 lbs., would therefore be as 1 to 52, whilst that of the cerebellum to 
the body would be as 1 to 418; whereas, allowing 6 lbs. additional weight (96 lbs.) to 
the average European females of 5 feet 1J inch high, the corresponding ratios would be 
1 to 41, and 1 to 328. 
Without claiming for these numbers a perfect accuracy, and even subjecting them to 
certain small corrections, they support the statement that, in reference to the body, the 
cerebrum and cerebellum are both inferior in the Bushwoman as contrasted with the 
European aged female ; and it will be seen that both organs are about equally defective, 
i. e. in a proportion of about *78 to 1. 
Judging from the restored figure of the Hottentot Venus’s brain, the Bushwoman’s 
brain was in its recent state only a very little smaller than it (see Plate XX. and its 
explanation). 
c. The general Form, Dimensions, and relative Position of the Parts of the Encephalon. 
The Bushwoman’s brain, injected with spirit, and hardened within the cranium, had, 
as already stated, undergone very little change of form, although it had shrunk from 
the cranial walls, chiefly over the vertex, and slightly at either end. This subsidence of 
the brain was less marked before the veins passing from its upper surface into the 
longitudinal sinus were divided. Even when removed from the cranium and denuded 
of its membranes, the brain maintained its shape, and the relations of its several parts ; 
but in describing these reference is made to the intracranial cast, and the dimensions of 
the organ are also given from that source. 
When viewed from above, the Bushwoman’s cerebrum (Plate XVII. fig. 1), like her 
cranium, presents a long and narrow ovoid form. The line of greatest width corresponds 
with the parietal eminences, and is placed rather far back, viz. at two-thirds the total 
length of the cerebrum from its anterior border, so that one-third only is behind those 
eminences. From this prominent parietal region the cerebrum slopes or falls away in 
all directions — very suddenly backwards, and rather so forwards, as far as the entrance of 
the Sylvian fissure, where, like the foetal brain, it appears remarkably constricted, and 
then widens again a little (Plate XVII. fig. 2) at the outer angles of the frontal region, 
which is nevertheless decidedly narrow. The left hemisphere, as seen from above, is 
*2 of an inch longer than the right, the increase being almost entirely behind. This 
relative greater length of one hemisphere backwards (usually the left, so far as I have 
observed) is very common in European brains. 
Viewed laterally (Plate XVIII. fig. 3), the parietal region is salient ; the vertex is 
low and flattened, its highest point being placed far back ; the frontal region is shallow, 
but ends in a nearly upright anterior border, whilst the beak-like projection of its median 
portion next to the longitudinal fissure is very marked, and its outer corner projects 
over the entrance to the Sylvian fissure. The temporal lobe is narrow, the line from 
its point to the tip of the posterior lobe being very long ; the curve formed by the under 
