ON THE BRAINS OE TWO IDIOTS OE EUROPEAN DESCENT. 
509 
border of the cerebrum, above the cerebellum, is slighter, and its direction more oblique 
upwards and backwards than in the European brain, owing apparently to a want of 
downward development of the occipital region, which is very shallow. 
Viewed in front, the narrowness and want of depth of the frontal region, accompanied, 
however, by the singular projection of its outer angles and the depth of its beak-like 
projections, again strike the eye. Besides this, the orbital borders are strongly curved, 
the orbital surfaces deeply excavated, and the median beak-like portions very narrow 
and wedge-shaped; the angle formed by the meeting of the two orbital surfaces is 
smaller than in the European ; and the tips of the temporal lobes are pointed and much 
incurved towards the middle line. Altogether this is an unfavourable, and indeed 
ape-like aspect of the Bushwoman’s brain, the promise given by the better elevation of 
the frontal region of the skull being disappointed in consequence of the thickness of its 
walls. 
Seen from behind, the comparative prominence of the parietal regions gives an 
angular outline to the cerebrum, in comparison with its usual fuller form. The 
deficiency of height at the vertex is very striking, as well as the upward inclination of 
the posterior border of the cerebrum, owing to the tapering of the posterior lobes. 
On the base view (Plate XVII. fig. 2) the general form is again that of a long narrow 
cerebrum, the details concerning each region being such as have been already pointed 
out in speaking of the lateral, front, and hind views. The orbital surfaces are espe- 
cially contracted, but have a square or human, and not a pointed or ape-like shape. 
The median section of the cerebrum (Plate XVIII. fig. 4) again shows its low, flat- 
tened, elongated form. The portions of hemisphere in front, above, and behind the 
corpus callosum measure respectively 1*3, T25, and T9 inch; whereas in the European 
they measure T4, T6, and 2 - 2 inches. 
Imaginary lines drawn from the centre of the medulla oblongata, where it intersects 
the pons, to the extreme occipital, frontal, parietal, and vertical points of the cerebrum, 
lines which I have elsewhere designated cerebral radii*, measure, in the Bush woman, 
respectively 34, 40, 35, and 41 tenths of an inch; whilst in a European female they 
measure 33, 43, 39, and 46 tenths. Accordingly the occipital radius, owing evidently 
to the length of the temporal lobe backwards, is slightly in excess, the frontal radius is 
a little defective, the parietal a little more so, whilst the vertical radius is the most so, 
as compared with the European brain. 
The final result of these measurements, as well as of others given in Table I. at the 
end of this paper, and of the facts elicited by the examination of the several aspects 
of the brain, is to show that in this Bushwoman the cerebrum is small but long, 
defective in width, and especially so in height ; that its outlines and surfaces are angular 
and flat, instead of rounded and full as in the European ; that, of its several regions, 
the frontal, though long, is very narrow and shallow, much excavated below, and com- 
pressed laterally in a remarkable manner behind its angles, in front of the Sylvian 
* Nat. Hist. Review, 1861, p. 304. 
3 Y 
MDCCCLXIV. 
