514 PROFESSOR MARSHALL ON THE BRAIN OF A BUSHWOMAN ; AND 
fissure, whilst in the latter it stops short of that fissure. On the left side the Bush- 
woman’s brain presents the European character, whilst on the right side it has the 
Hottentot-Venus character. As in the case of the deep notch in the upper frontal con- 
volutions, the fissure of Rolando extends further back on the left hemisphere than on 
the right. In the Hottentot-Venus brain the reverse is the case. From all this it may 
be deduced that in the Bushwoman’s brain the left frontal region is developed further 
backwards than the right, whilst in the Hottentot Venus the condition is reversed. 
The posterior ascending parietal convolution (Plates XVII. & XVIII. figs. 1 & 3, 5-5) 
(deuxieme pli ascendant, Gr. ; postero-parietal, H.) holds, as regards size and complexity 
of modelling, a position between the Hottentot and the European brain, but on the 
whole is nearer to the former than the latter (Plate XX.}. But, as seen in the lateral 
view (Plate XVIII. fig. 3), its lower and posterior border is joined, as in the European 
brain, by a superficial connecting convolution (#) with the lobule (a-a) of the supramar- 
ginal convolution above and near the upper end of the Sylvian fissure, whilst in the 
Hottentot-Venus brain this is not the case. On the left hemisphere this posterior 
ascending convolution is broader and more complex in form than in the Hottentot 
V enus, or indeed than in many European brains ; but on the right side it is quite simple 
and unusually narrow. It ends posteriorly, as is the rule, in its so-called “ lobule ” (51-51) 
(lobule du deuxieme pli ascendant, Gr. ; postero-parietal lobule, H.), a triangular mass 
of secondary convolutions more or less variable in different brains, and even on the two 
sides of the same brain. In the Bushwoman’s brain these lobules are, in point of size 
and complexity, intermediate between those of the Hottentot Venus and the ordinary 
European, but are nearer to the latter than the former. On the left side, however, the 
hinder border of the lobule is absolutely defined on the surface, owing to the deep position 
there within the external perpendicular fissure of the upper external connecting convo- 
lution (a), or first external “ pli de passage ” of Gratiolet. In this point the Bush- 
woman’s brain is more ape-like than even that of the Hottentot Venus (see Plate XX.). 
The supramarginal convolution (Plate XVIII. fig. 3, 4 //- 5 //) connects, as usual, the two 
ascending parietal convolutions below the lower end of the fissure of Rolando, and there 
forms the step-like border of the Sylvian fissure already alluded to, which is now seen 
to depend on the great downward development of the two ascending parietal convolu- 
tions. The anterior part of the supramarginal convolution, which overhangs the island 
of Reil, and is continued into the inferior frontal and adjacent orbital convolutions, is 
scantily developed, in correspondence with the open state of the Sylvian fissure, and the 
constricted form of the brain at this point. 
The central lobe , or island of Reil (C), is small on both sides of the brain, but is some- 
what larger on the right side than on the left; its total length is 1*75 inch on the 
left side and 1*5 inch on the right, whilst its average length, in an ordinary European 
brain, is from T75 inch to 2 inches. On the left side it is subdivided into three chief 
radiating convolutions, the middle one of which is partially subdivided by a slight sulcus; 
on the right side this middle portion is more deeply subdivided ; so that there are four 
