516 PROFESSOR MARSHALL ON THE BRAIN OE A BUSHWOMAN ; AND 
European. The lower temporal convolution (9-9) (pli temporal inferieur, Gr. ; postero- 
temporal, H.), which is not well defined along its upper border, also approaches the 
European rather than the Hottentot type, but is much less complicated than the former. 
The three rows of occipital convolutions (Plates XVII. & XVIII. figs. 1 & 3, 10 , n, 12 ) 
(plis occipitaux, superieur, moyen, et inferieur, Gr. ; super-, medio-, and infero-occi- 
pital, H.), which in quadrumanous brains of moderate complexity (as in Cercopithecus) 
are simple and easily distinguishable, but which in the anthropoid Apes assume a 
puzzling complexity, become, as is well known, in the human brain so highly complicated 
and involved with the external connecting convolutions, that a detailed description of 
them is almost impossible. Considered generally, they are remarkably defective in total 
depth and in individual complexity, in the Bushwoman’s brain. The vertical depth of 
the three rows, and of their connecting convolutions, in the European brain is 2*75 inches ; 
in the Hottentot-Venus brain 2-25 inches; in the Bushwoman’s brain only 2 inches. 
This deficiency affects all three rows of occipital convolutions, but is especially notice- 
able in the inferior row, along the lower border and extreme point of the occipital lobe. 
This is perhaps the most defective region of the Bushwoman’s cerebrum. 
Of the external connecting convolutions already mentioned, four in number, which in 
Man interrupt the external perpendicular fissure, the upper one (a) (premier pli de 
passage externe, Gr. ; first external annectent, H.) is on the left side superficial behind, 
but sinks beneath the bent convolution in front. On the right side it is superficial 
throughout, so as speedily to obliterate the external perpendicular fissure, and is very 
tortuous. The three remaining connecting convolutions, viz. the second (|3), third (y), and 
lowest (ci) are remarkably simple and small, occupying so little space as, together with 
the deficiency in the bent and occipital convolutions, to account for the slight depth of 
the cerebrum in this region. They are all continuous posteriorly with the several rows 
of occipital convolutions, but are less directly connected anteriorly with the middle and 
inferior temporal convolutions than in the European, or even in the Hottentot-Venus 
brain, on the left side, whilst on the right side they are easily traceable into those con- 
volutions. 
On the inner surface of the hemisphere (Plate XVIII. fig. 4), the great marginal con- 
volution (17-17) (pli de la zone externe, Gr.) is proportionally narrow. As usual, it is 
thicker opposite the beak-like prominence of the frontal lobe, where it is subdivided 
into two parallel convolutions by an unusually simple longitudinal secondary sulcus. It 
is intersected above the corpus callosum by transverse radiating sulci, which divide it 
into short secondary convolutions, arranged like the stones of an arch. In both hemi- 
spheres it is twice connected (#, *), in front of and above the middle of the corpus callo- 
sum, across the great fronto-parietal fissure (i-i), with the convolution of the corpus 
callosum. 
The convolution of the corpus callosum (is— is) (pli du corps calleux, Gr. ; circonvolu- 
tion de l’ourlet, Eoville ; callosal, H.) presents its usual characters, turning round the 
posterior end of the corpus callosum (<?), and becoming continuous beneath the cerebral 
