CONTAINING FLINT IMPLEMENTS, AND ON THE LOESS. 
255 
Studhill, and in it Mr. Evans found part of an Elephant’s tooth. I am inclined to 
believe that the features observable at Swalecliffe are partly dependent upon the small 
lateral valley which runs a few miles up the country, and are only indirectly connected 
with the more general phenomena of the main valley of the Thames (fig. 4). 
SWALECLIFFE 
54 F T 
Pig. 4 . — Section along the coast east of Whitstable — 1 ^ mile in length . 
b. Loess with shells and bones. c. Low-level gravel. d. High-level gravel. 
With regard to the valley of the Thames* the structure is far more complicated, 
from the circumstance of there being in this district, in addition to the high- and 
low-level valley-gravels, a wide-spread set of higher or hill-gravels, of marine origin, 
presenting a very close similarity to some of the valley-gravels, and covering large tracts 
of country. As this district will form the subject of a separate communication from me 
elsewhere, I here merely allude to it for the purpose of remarking that, after elimi- 
nating the foreign element, there remains a set of valley- and terrace-gravels which, 
though not so marked or well characterized as in the Seine valley, are nevertheless of 
nearly similar order and age. The same remarks apply to most of the valleys of the 
South of England, including the valley of the Severn. In the latter there are fossili- 
ferous terrace-gravels skirting the Severn and the tributary Avon j’, with valley deposits 
corresponding to those at Grays and Menchecourt, whilst, as in the Thames district, 
there is a set of higher-level hill-gravels more wide-spread, and probably of marine 
formation. 
These cases all point to some common origin, and concur in showing that the flint 
implements hitherto met with have been found in beds holding like positions. The 
only exceptions are the discovery by Mr. Evans of a flint implement of the Amiens 
type upon the chalk hills of Hertfordshire, 200 feet above the valley, and of one of the 
Abbeville type on the chalk hills three miles from Dartford in Kent, by Mr. Whitaker. 
Both these are considerably above the valley and the valley-gravels, and the conditions 
are such as do not admit of exact correlation with any of the other cases. 
The confusion just alluded to arising from the occurrence, on levels often not far apart, 
of gravels and drifts of different ages and different origin, is common through a great part 
of England, while also questions connected with the direction of the transporting currents 
are obscured in consequence of the materials of the high- and low-level gravels having 
been formed in large part out of higher-level hill- and marine gravels. Owing to the 
* The flint implement found so many years since in the Gray’s Inn Hoad still remains, with respect to the 
London district, a unique and remarkable case. Several specimens, however, have been found by Mr. Hughes 
near Sittingbourne and Faversham, lower down the Thames valley and its tributaries. — Feb. 1864. 
t There are also in the valley of the Severn low-level gravels of marine origin. See Strickland’s paper in 
Geol. Trans. 2nd ser. vol. vi. p. 552-5, and various papers by the Eev. W. S. Symonds. 
MDCCCLXIV. 2 N 
