524 
PROFESSOR W. TURNER ON THE PLACENTATION OF THE APES. 
of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons”'"' he points out that the filamentary 
foetal villi include the capillary loops of the umbilical vessels; but instead of lying free 
in the alveolar cavities of the maternal placenta, they are connected or entangled with 
the fine cellular structure which receives the blood from the uterine arteries ; the 
uterine veins have stronger and more definite coats than in the human placenta. 
Rudolphi gave, in 1828, a short account, with figures, of the gravid uterus of an 
Hapale jacchus, in which were twin foetuses.! The foetal membranes consisted of a 
chorion, with an oval placenta and an amnion for each foetus, but with no trace of an 
allantois. Each foetus had an umbilical vesicle of about the same size as in the human 
embryo of the third month. The vesicle possessed a long peduncle containing delicate 
blood vessels, but no trace of an omphalo-mesenteric duct. The placenta was divided 
into a foetal and a maternal part. Rudolphi also figured the placenta of a howling 
monkey (probably Mycetes ursinus ), which consisted of a single oval lobe of greater 
thickness than the placenta of Hapale. In the foetus not only of Hapale and 
Mycetes, but also of a Capucin monkey, two umbilical veins extended from the 
placenta up to the liver. 
In 1845 M. Breschet published an elaborate memoir on the gestation of the 
Quadrumana, J in which he described and figured the foetus and placenta in a species 
of Hylobates, in Cercopithecus sabceus, Cynocephalus sphinx, Semnopithecus mitratus 
and nasicus, Mycetes seniculus, and Chrysothrix sciurea (Saimiri). His description 
comprises an account of the form of the placenta, the presence of a decidua, the 
arrangement of the umbilical vessels, and the general disposition of the chorion and 
amnion in the several specimens. Some observations are also made on the appearance 
of the gravid uterus of C. sabceus. No allantois was present in any of the specimens, 
but in sabceus indications of an umbilical vesicle were seen at the junction of the cord 
with one of the lobes of the double placenta. No reference is made to the minute 
structure of the organ. 
In the Chimpanzee the placenta is stated both by Professor Owen § and by Professor 
Huxley 1 1 to be single, and the latter anatomist says that in a specimen he examined, 
where the feet us was 1 1 \ inches long, the placenta was simple, rounded, -i\ inches in 
diameter, and 0'6 inch thick in the centre. The umbilical cord was inserted near one 
of its edges. 
Professor Rolleston, in a memoir communicated to the Zoological Society, If gave 
an account of the examination of an injected placenta of Macacus nemestrinus, which 
had been preserved in spirit in the Oxford Museum for many years. He described 
* Physiological Series, vol. v., p. 145, and ! Comp. Anat. of Vertebrates,’ vol. iii., p. 746. 
f Abhand, der Akad. der Wissensch. zu Berlin, 1828. 
J Memoires de l’lnstitut, Paris. 
§ ‘ Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates,’ vol. iii., p. 747. 
|| ‘ Manual of the Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals,’ p. 487, 1871. 
Trans. Zool. Soc., vol. v., 1863. 
