40 
cultures of Maize where, of course, it does not signify hybridity between 
different Linneons. Consequently, the fact that male sterility of the kind 
described is found in artificial crosses between A. tcnerum and A. Richard- 
soni does not necessarily mean that the two belong to different Linneons. 
This, furthermore, is evidenced by the results obtained from examination 
of the pollen of a large number of specimens in the National Herbarium of 
Canada. The facts brought out are as follows: 
In some intermediates between so-called A. tenerum and A. Richardsoni 
the anthers do not open and contain the same kind of impotent “pollen” 
as the Robinson crosses do. In other intermediates the anthers open and 
contain normal pollen. The most interesting facts brought to light, how- 
ever, are that some specimens of typical Richardsoni , with an awn about 3 
cm. long, have “pollen” exactly like that of the Robinson crosses, and that 
specimens of typical tenerum , with no awn at all, were found in which more 
than 50 per cent of the pollen is of the same type. 
Now, as total, or partial, male sterility is found in typical tenerum and 
in typical Richardsoni , as well as in some intermediates, but not in all, 
and as the male sterility, judging from the nature of the “pollen,” is of the 
same kind as that found in Maize, its presence cannot very well be used as 
an argument supporting the contention that tenerum and Richardsoni 
belong to different Linneons. 
Owing to the peculiar mode of pollination, described in the preceding, 
which prevents, rather effectively, the carrying of normal pollen from one 
spike to another, or from one plant to another, it follows that the ovules of 
florets in which male sterility is found to a great extent remain unfertilized. 
The result, of course, is that little or no seed is being developed. 
The writer has, therefore, come to the conclusion that the multitude 
of forms that make up the tenerum-Richardsoni complex constitute a much 
diversified Linneon, or species in a wide sense. This species is confined to 
North America and Greenland. 1 
The oldest name for any member of the species is A, Richardsonii, 
which appears in Ind. sem. H. Rerol., 1832. According to Pease and 
Moore (13, page 67, footnote) who state that A. H. Moore has seen a 
copy of Ind. H. Berol. of 1832 the name is a nomen nudum. 
The next time the name appears is in Linnaea, XII, page 467 (1838), 
where a description is given, in a posthumous paper by Schrader, under 
Triticum , as follows: 
l ‘T, Richardsoni. Agropyr. Richardsonii Ind. sem. H. Berol. 1832,— America 
borealis arctica? — A. Trit. repente vulgari differt foliis firmioribus serius involutis; 
spica graciliori; spiculis minus distichis paucifioris, floribus longius aristatis.” 
There can be no doubt about T. Richardsoni Schrad. 2 belonging to the 
Linneon under discussion. The type, from Schrader’s herbarium (Plate 
III), is a plant nearly 1 m. high — the lowermost part is cut off — with 
glabrous sheaths, blades, and nodes. The empty glumes are 3-5 nerved and 
tipped with an awn 2-3 mm. long. The lemma is glabrous, with the 
‘The Linneons allied to it have a distribution as follows: A. caninum (L.) Beauv. Europe and western Asia; 
A. mutabile Drobov, northern Fenno-Scandia, northern Russia, Siberia; A. latiglume (Scribn. & Sm.) Rydb., 
North America, chiefly northern and western, Greenland, northern Fenno-Scandia, northern Russia, Siberia. 
*There ib no evidence that Trinius, as may be inferred from Scribner and Smith’s (16, page 29) citation of 
the name, had anything to do with the naming of the plant. 
