SHEARWATERS 
49 
Field Marks. A large, light-coloured shearwater of the east coast. Said to be separ- 
able in life from the Greater by showing a grey head gradually blending into a white 
throat without sharp contrast and no trace of light half collar. 
Distribution. Mediterranean Sea and eastern xitlantic Ocean. Occasional in autumn 
to the west side of the Atlantic. Has been taken off Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. 
SUBSPECIES. The form occurring in America is Cory’s Shearwater (le Puffin 
cendr6 d’Amerique) Puffinus diomedea borealis, characterized by having less white on the 
underwing surface. 
98. Black-capped Petrel, le petrel hasite (Diablotin). Pterodroma hasitata. 
L, 16. Like a black and white shearwater with a short bill, and white uppertail-coverts. 
Distinctions. Much like a short-billed, black and white 
shearwater with the cap separated from the mantle by a white 
collar and with much white in uppertail-coverts. Bill short and 
stout like that of a fulmar, but with short, nasal tubes with septum 
between as wide as the nostrils themselves and the tip of the lower 
mandible distinctly decurved. 
Distribution. The warmer parts of north Atlantic, but indi- 
viduals ;ire given to strange wanderings. The only Canadian 
records are for near Toronto on Lake Ontario. 
Fulmars 
General Description. Among the larger of the lesser tube-nosed swimmers. Smoky 
grey, or white with pale grey mantle, like a gull. 
Distinctions. Bill comparatively short and stout, heavily built. Nostrils in tubes 
closely fused together and, in the single species so far noted on the Canadian coasts, extend- 
ing almost to the base of the terminal hook (Figure 87, compare with 85, 86, and 88). 
Field Marks. See species, following. 
Figure 86 
Black-capped 
Petrel; scale, 
86. Northern Fulmar, le petrel fulmar. Fulmarus glacialis. L, 19. A large 
bird of gull-like coloration (light phase), or evenly dark, slaty grey (dark phase), and tube- 
encased nostrils (Figure 87). 
Distinctions. One of the larger of the lesser tube-noses, 
even grey, or white and grey, gull-like coloration. 
Field Marks. Flight habits, stiffly held outstretched 
wings, and long glides, together with light or grey coloration 
instead of dark brown as in the shearwaters, which approach 
the fulmars in size, should usually render this species recog- 
nizable in life. 
Nesting. In large communities on ledges of rocky cliffs. 
Distribution. North Atlantic and north Pacific Oceans, 
breeding in high latitudes. Of regular occurrence off both 
coasts in migration, but usually keeping well off shore. 
SUBSPECIES. Two races are recognized: Fulmarus 
glacialis glacialis, Atlantic Fulmar (le Petrel fulmar de 
1’ Antiantique); Fulmarus glacialis rodgersi, Pacific Fulmar 
(le Petrel fulmar du Pacifique). Slightly smaller than the. above and averaging a little 
darker. 
Figure 87 
Bill of Fulmar; 
scale, \. 
FAMILY — HYDROBATIDAE. STORM PETRELS 
Petrels 
General Description. In our waters represented by small birds 
about 8 inches long. Evenly sooty brown with white rump; or ash- 
grey in colour. 
Distinctions. Small size. Nostril tubes closely fused so that the 
division between is reduced to a narrow septum (Figure 88). Tail 
slightly to decidedly forked. 
Field Marks. Small, evenly coloured birds flitting close to the 
surface of the water at sea, pattering up and down the waves as if 
walking on them. 
Nesting. In burrows in the ground or under rocks. 
Figure 88 
Bill of Leach’s Pet- 
rel ; natural size. 
