ACCIPITRES 
123 
half of the tarsus is feathered, in the Goshawk, one-half or over (Compare Figures 182 and 
178). The Cooper’s Hawk is also similar in size and colour to the Broad-winged Hawk. 
The latter, however, is a Bateo and not an Accipiter, with a deeper wing and a chunkier 
build. The best colour distinction, however, is the under-wing surface. In Cooper’s 
Hawk it is sharply and regularly barred to the primary tips, in the Broad-winged it is 
mostly creamy white with but suggestions of bars. In Cooper’s Hawk the first five prim- 
aries are emarginate, in the Broad-winged but three (Compare Figures 182 and 188). 
Figure 183 
Cooper’s Hawk (juvenile); scale, g. 
Appearance in flight. 
Field Marks. A small hawk between the Sharp-shinned and Broad-winged in size 
(Figure 175- — 4). Short, round wings regularly barred below, long tail (Figure 183), and 
flight — when not under a burst of speed, a series of quick even strokes and short sails — 
will mark this species as an Accipiter. Small size will separate from comparable plumaged 
Goshawks and the round instead of square tail from the Sharp-shinned. 
Nesting . In trees, much like the Sharp-shinned, but seldom in conifers. 
Distribution . Breeds in most of the southern wooded sections of Canada, south over 
the United States. A few winter on southern Vancouver Island. 
An even more harmful species than the Sharp-shinned, as its larger 
size gives it greater power and capacity for damage. Showing an almost 
equal spirit it seeks larger prey and even a fairly well-grown chicken is not 
safe from it. Adult fowls are rarely attacked unless feeble. 
Economic Status. Of 94 stomachs examined: 34 contained poultry or 
game-birds; 52, other birds; 11, mammals; 1, frog; 3, lizards; and 2, 
insects. The mammals consisted of rodents, mostly harmful, but one a 
grey squirrel; making a total of 87 food items against the species, 12 in 
its favour, and 4 neutral. As it is a comparatively common hawk through- 
out much of the settled parts of the country, it is certainly a menace and is 
responsible for much of the popular ill-repute of the order as a whole. 
Subfamily — Buteoninae. The Buzzards and Eagles, the Mammal Eaters 
True Buzzards 
Heavily built hawks of medium or very large size (Figures 174 — 4, 
and 175 — 5 and 7). Bill without notches or tooth-like projections (like 
Figure 177, compare with 211). The wings are round like the Accipiters 
(Figure 176), but broader. The tail is long, full, and generally carried 
spread out in a broad semicircle (Figures 185 to 202). The first three or 
four primaries are emarginate (Figures 184, 188), and with the exception 
