178 
CHARADRIIFORMES 
Field Marks. Large, black bird, nearly as large as a crow, with conspicuous long, red bill . 
Distribution. Pacific coast of North America, from Aleutian Islands to Lower Cali- 
fornia, breeds throughout most of its range. W inters from British Columbia southward. 
This big, showy bird is found along most of our west coast and prefers 
rocky shores and the boiling surf to mud or sandy flats. 
FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE. PLOVERS, TURNSTONE, AND SURF-BIRDS 
This family is divided into four subfamilies: Vanelhnae the lapwing; 
Charadriinae the plovers; A phrizinae surf-birds; and Arenariinae turnstones. 
Subfamily — Vanellinae. Lapwing 
A single lapwing is of only casual occurrence on our eastern coast. 
With its long, pointed crest it is easily recognizable. 
269. Lapwing, le vanneau Hupr£. Vanellus vanellus. L, 13. A rather large 
black and white, plover-like bird with long, upstanding crest plume. 
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Figure 252 
Lapwing (male); scale, J. 
