PUFFINS 
249 
Nestmg. In crevices in sea-cliffs or in burrows in the ground. 
Distribution. Coast and islands of Bering Sea south just to Canadian territory, 
have no substantiated breeding records in Canada. 
Figure 370 
Horned Puffin in winter; scale, 
Adult Juvenile 
We 
This puffin probably migrates in winter seaward rather than south 
along the coast and we have no record of it for southern British Columbia, 
ft should be looked for along the outer coast of Vancouver Island. 
12. Tufted Puffin, le macaretjx huppe. Lunda cirrhata. L, 15-50. A very 
dark brown bird, almost black on back and crown, with white face, and in full plumage 
with long, sweeping, plume-like crests of straw yellow, 
springing from behind and over the eye, falling almost 
to the shoulders. The bill is nearly 2 inches high at 
base and 2£ long, and coloured bright red (Figure 371). 
An altogether extraordinary looking bird. 
Distinctions. West coast. Enormous red bill, 
dark underbodv, and long, sweeping, straw-coloured 
crests. Young Tufted Puffins, before the large bill has 
developed, are very like young Rhinoceros Auklets, Figure 371 
but lack the horn on top of bill (See Figure 366) which Puffin- i 
is rudimentary even at that age in those birds. 
Field Marks. The striking, coloured bill is conspicuous in the puffins in life. The 
distinctive character of this species is probably the dark underbody, instead of white as in 
the last species, and the conspicuous, light- coloured crests. 
Nesting. In cracks and crannies of rocks, or in burrows in the ground. Cliffs or 
steep banks preferred. 
Distribution. The Pacific coast of North America, breeding from California to Bering Sea. 
The known breeding grounds in Canada of these striking and interesting birds are 
about the south end of Vancouver Island, the Triangle, and Queen Charlotte Islands. 
Others no doubt exist. 
Order — Columbiformes. Pigeons and Doves 
This order, of world-wide distribution, is variously divided by different 
authors. According to the system of classification of the American 
Ornithologists’ Union all our American species are included in the one 
family, Coiumbidae. They are the most typically pigeon-like in form and, 
therefore, may be called the True Pigeons. 
FAMILY— COLUMBIDAE. TRUE PIGEONS AND DOVES 
Pigeons and doves may in a general way be said to resemble in outline 
and actions our familiar domestic stock. Characters are more easily felt 
than described. Systematically, they may be recognized 
by their bills. These are hard and horny at the tip, 
which is very slightly enlarged. The basal half is fur- 
nished with a soft, slightly swollen membrane in 
which the nostrils open (Figure 372). The legs and 
feet are weak, fitted only for walking over small level Figure 372 
areas or for simple perching. Our common domestic Bin of Pigeon. 
