350 
PASSERIFORMES 
Distinctions. The bright yellow face and underparts with black eye stripe and blue- 
grey wings with white bars are distinctive. 
Field Marks. Too rare in Canada to rely on field marks for identification. 
Nesting. On ground generally in or at the border of second growth in nest of bark 
and leaves lined with fine strips of bark and tendrils, firmly wrapped with leaves. 
Distribution. Eastern North America; regularly stopping south of the Canadian 
border and only accidentally crossing it in southern Ontario. 
Though taken only twice in Canada this is a most interesting species as 
it hybridizes with the next species, the Golden-Winged, forming puzzling 
hybrids that were long regarded as separate species under the names of 
Lawrence’s and Brewster’s Warblers. 
647. Tennessee Warbler, la fauvette obscure. Vermivora peregrina. L, 5. 
Back of male green, underparts nearly pure white. Head and hindneck ash-grey, suffusing 
on cheeks. White eyebrow-line and suggestion of dark line 
through eye (Figure 436). Females and juveniles have the 
grey head and hindneck replaced by the green of the back 
which suffuses more or less as dull yellow or greenish yellow 
over breast and underparis. The eyebrow-line is always 
visible as a lighter coloration of the green. 
Distinctions. The general green and white coloration 
and light eyebrow-line are the best distinctions in any 
plumage. 
Field Marks. General coloration as above, with light 
eyebrow-line and without wing-bars, tail patches, or the 
whitish spot at base of primaries of the Black- throated 
Blue Warbler. 
Nesting. In moss on the ground in small, dense, coniferous growth, in nest of fine 
grass, rootlets, and long hairs. 
DistributioA. Mostly eastern North America. In Canada, across the Dominion 
to the eastern slope of the mountains, north to the limit of trees. Occurs and breeds in 
northern British Columbia, and has been taken in migration in the southern parts of that 
province. 
646. Orange-crowned Warbler, la fauvette A couronne orangee. Vermivora 
celata. L, 5. Plate LXIV A. A dull yellowish, grey-green warbler, mostly yellow below, 
with a concealed orange-rufous crown patch. Very little sexual difference. Immatures 
are without the crown-spot, and the brightness of the yellow below is reduced to almost 
the colour of the back. 
Distinctions. Similar to the Nashville but without the grey or greyish on the head. 
The crown-spot when present is still more concealed than that of the Nashville and often 
entirely hidden until the feathers are separated to show their coloured bases. The yellow 
throat is duller than in the Nashville. The juvenile is an almost evenly greyish green 
bird with faint suggestions of ashy and rather similar to the immature Tennessee but with- 
out the faint, light eyebrow-line; it is more evenly coloured, and without any suggestion 
of white below (Compare with Figure 437). 
Field Marks. Like a very dull-coloured Nashville Warbler or a juvenile Tennessee 
without the faint eyebrow-line. 
Nesting. On or near the ground in nest of leaves and fine grasses. 
Distribution. North America. In Canada, rare east of the Great Lakes, but common 
throughout the west as far north as the limit of trees. 
SUBSPECIES. Two subspecies in Canada are recognized by the Check-fist. The 
Common Orange-crowned (la Fauvette 5, couronne orang<5e commune) Vermivora celata 
celata extends west to the east slope of the mountains. In British Columbia occurs the 
Lutescent Warbler (la Fauvette doree) Vermivora celata lutescens, a bird that shows 
considerably more yellow, especially the juvenile. A third form, Vermivora celata orestera, 
rather intermediate between these two, has been postulated for the mountain interior and 
has received some recognition. 
Tennessee Warbler (male); 
natural size. 
